In recent years, China has successively constructed a number of long-distance Hanyou pipelines. These pipeline networks are criss-crossed and mostly laid underground. With the increase in the operating time of buried oil pipelines, due to the influence of external environment and human factors, there will be some safety hazards in the oil pipelines, causing accidents and causing huge losses. According to the flow direction of the medium, it can be divided into external leakage and internal leakage. External leakage refers to the leakage of oil from the inside of the pipeline to the external environment. The most common leakage in the pipeline is external leakage. Internal leakage refers to the leakage of oil from the outside of the pipeline to its inside. The more common internal leakage is the leakage of vacuum pipelines. In petrochemical plants, external leakage has a greater impact on the safe production and environmental protection of the plant. Potential safety hazards of Hanyou Pipeline:
(L) Corrosion of pipelines With the increase of service life, pipelines are affected by many factors such as the surrounding geographical environment, pipeline oil delivery conditions, media, and other complex factors. Pipeline weld cracks, internal and external natural corrosion, and medium corrosion perforation will occur. Cause oil leakage in the pipeline.
(2) Artificially destroying some criminals to make huge profits, using unusual means to frequently eye the oil pipeline to steal oil, the crime time is short, and the flow of oil is large, which not only causes huge economic losses to the enterprise, but also leaves oil leakage in the pipeline. Hidden dangers. If it is not found in time, it is easy to cause catastrophic accidents such as fire, explosion and environmental pollution.
(3) Natural disasters mainly refer to the occurrence of earthquakes and debris flows in areas prone to natural disasters, which will damage and wash down pipelines, causing waste of resources and environmental pollution.
Oil pipeline safety hidden recognition technology Due to the high risk of pipeline accidents and huge economic losses, people have tried various new methods and means to continue research work on pipeline accident hazard recognition technology. From the simplest manual segmentation along the pipeline patrol to a more complex method of combining hardware and software, the sensitivity of the pipeline accident hazard identification technology and the accuracy of positioning are improved.
Negative pressure wave method When the leakage of the oil pipeline occurs, the local fluid density decreases due to the loss of oil at the leak, resulting in an instantaneous pressure drop and a speed difference. The instantaneous pressure drop propagates upstream and downstream of the leak point at the speed of sound. When the pressure before the leak is used as a reference standard, the decompression wave generated during the leak is called a negative pressure wave. The wave propagates from the leak point to the two ends at a certain speed, and after a certain time, it is transmitted to the upstream and downstream pressure sensors. The pressure sensor captures the waveform of the specific instantaneous pressure drop, and the leakage judgment can be performed. Identification of hidden dangers of pipeline oil transportation and prevention of accidents According to the time difference of the pressure signal received by the upstream and downstream pressure sensors and the propagation speed of the negative pressure wave, the leak point can be determined. The main methods of detection and positioning based on negative pressure waves are correlation analysis, time series analysis and wavelet transform.
(L) Correlation analysis method The basic idea of ​​the correlation analysis method is to remove the mean value of the upstream and downstream pressure signals and obtain the difference signal, and then calculate the correlation function in real time. When there is no leak, the value of the correlation function is near zero; after the leak occurs, the value of the correlation function will change significantly to detect the leak.
(2) Time series analysis method The basic idea of ​​the time series analysis method is to obtain two pressure gradients through the four pressure signals at both ends of the pipeline, and use the two pressure gradients to construct two time series, corresponding to the normal state and the leakage state of the pipeline. Use information measurement to analyze these two time series, according to the pre-determined closed value, according to a certain strategy for early warning and fault alarm, so as to achieve pipeline leak detection.
(3) The wavelet transform method uses wavelet transform to detect the transient negative pressure wave drop for leak detection, and locates the leak point by determining the time difference between the negative pressure wave reaching the upstream and downstream pressure measurement points. When a leak occurs in the pipeline, the sound wave generated at the leak point propagates along the pipeline to both ends. The sound wave is acquired through the set sensor, and after processing, it is determined whether the leak has occurred and is located.
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