China is the world's largest cotton producer and consumer. However, due to the narrow germplasm resources, the homogeneity of the varieties and the long-term stagnation of production have become the core issues that restrict the sustainable development of cotton production.
The cotton team led by Prof. Zhang Xianlong from Huazhong Agricultural University cooperated with the Hejian City Guoxin Rural Technical Service Association and other units to combine conventional breeding with modern biotechnology and self-support with the support of the National 863 Program and the National Natural Science Foundation. Combining with hybridization, resource innovation and innovation of breeding methods, adhering to the combination of upper, middle and lower reaches, lasted for more than 20 years, and finally completed the "cotton germplasm innovation and strong selection of hybrid cotton varieties breeding and application" results, won the country Second prize for scientific and technological progress.
In the long-term practice of cotton breeding and cultivation, Zhang Xianlong team aimed at the international frontier, mastered the mature cotton cell culture technology system, and created a number of “international firstsâ€: the first one from Raymond cotton, Klotzki cotton, etc. The wild cotton cells obtained regenerated plants, and the plants were regenerated from wild cotton protoplasts such as Klauszcz cotton for the first time, realizing the symmetry and part of the wild cotton varieties such as land cotton and Crockett cotton, Bick cotton and Davidson cotton. Asymmetry, complete asymmetric fusion and regeneration of plants, etc.
On this basis, they created 784 high-generation materials of terrestrial cotton distant hybrids with sea island cotton, Darwin cotton and wool cotton as the donors by integrating techniques such as distant hybridization, cell engineering and conventional breeding evaluation. Identification of molecular markers and major agronomic traits, screening out a number of new cotton lines with early maturity, high yield, high quality and multi-resistance. The recurrent selection and aggregation breeding enriched the genetic structure and selection of cotton hybrid breeding parents; the cotton backbone parent population was established through molecular marker system evaluation. It is worth mentioning that, using mature cell culture technology, the team has screened the upland cotton germplasm “YZ-1†with high efficiency of regeneration and high frequency conversion and obtained the patent for transgenic method, which is the fastest reported regeneration. The most efficient transgenic cotton germplasm has been used in cotton and biotechnology research by domestic and foreign research and seed companies such as Texas Tech University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Seed Group Corporation and Dabei Agricultural Group.
In recent years, Zhang Xianlong team has established a mature cotton molecular technology breeding system, obtained 5 invention patents related to the results, published 147 related research papers, including 63 SCI papers, enriching the new methods of cotton germplasm innovation and breeding. The new theory provides a scientific basis for efficient breeding of cotton. Experts commented that the solid basic research has broken through the problem of narrow germplasm resources, broadened the genetic basis of cotton breeding, and provided innovative materials and theoretical guidance for strong cotton crossbreeding.
Zhang Xianlong team insisted on writing the paper on the earth, and cultivated “Huzamian No.1â€, “Huazao No.2â€, “Huahui 103â€, “Huazao No.4†and “Huzamian H318â€, etc. 5 A high-quality, high-yield, multi-resistant cotton hybrid is widely used in production and has obtained 5 authorized invention patents. Among the five cotton hybrids, the yield of lint cotton of “Huazao H318â€, “Huazao No. 2†and “Huzamian No.1†was close to or exceeded 10% compared with the regional trial; “Huazao H318â€, The fiber quality of “Huazao No. 4â€, “Huazao No. 2†and “Huzamian No. 1†all reached the national high quality cotton standard. In particular, “Huzao H318†has outstanding characteristics such as high yield, high quality, multi-resistance and wide adaptability in the regional trials organized by the state. Among the five varieties approved in the same year, the comprehensive index ranks first.
In the evaluation of cotton area test in the Yangtze River Basin, the yield per mu of cotton, lint and pre-frost cotton of “Huzao H318†was 244.3 kg, 101.4 kg and 95.4 kg, respectively, which were 104.9%, 109.2% and 111% higher than the control respectively. . On October 8, 2011, the expert group led by Prof. Yu Shuxun, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, conducted a field survey on the field performance of “Huzao H318†in the cotton areas of Huangmei and Ezhou. Experts believe that "the traits of the variety are consistent, the growth is neat, the cotton plant grows steadily and shows strong resistance; the variety is prematurely impaired, the bell is strong, and the peach is fast, the upper middle part is bellied. Uniform, high yield, good potential for increased production; easy to harvest, easy to harvest, high grade."
The team of Zhang Xianlong also worked hard on the cotton cultivation process to develop a simplified and efficient cultivation mode of “post-delay sowing, rational close planting, concentrated fertilization and nitrogen fertilizer shifting†to ensure high yield, stable yield and contact with wheat, rapeseed and other crops. Improve the cotton planting efficiency of farmers and promote the transformation of hybrid cotton production methods. Through the cooperation of production, learning and enterprise, the rapid transformation of agricultural scientific research results has been realized. The five hybrids have been widely applied in Hubei, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and other provinces, and have made outstanding contributions to local cotton production and farmers' income.
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