What is big data? This is the most important question we need to answer to understand big data and cope with the development of big data. In a general sense, big data refers to data that exceeds the processing capacity of traditional database systems. The amount of data is usually more than 10TB (1TB = 1024GB, which is 1 trillion bytes). Specifically, big data has four basic characteristics: First, the data volume is huge. Baidu information shows that its new homepage navigation needs to provide more than 1.5PB of data per day (1PB = 1024TB), and if these data are printed, it will exceed 500 billion A4 sheets. According to information, so far, the data volume of all printed materials produced by humans is only 200PB. The second is the variety of data types. The current data type is not only text, but also more types of data such as pictures, videos, audio, and geographic location information. Personalized data accounts for the absolute majority. The third is fast processing speed. Data processing follows the "1 second law" and can quickly obtain high-value information from various types of data. Fourth, the value density is low. Take video as an example. In an hour of video, in the process of continuous monitoring, the only useful data is only one or two seconds.
The era of big data is here!
Big data is another disruptive technological change in parallel with intelligent manufacturing and wireless network revolution. Its specific content includes: massive data analysis technology, big data processing technology, distributed computing technology, data visualization technology. Among them, the distributed computing technology, also known as cloud computing technology, can meet the needs of massive data processing at the same time. For example, 10 million people search for certain data at the same time, and it will hand over these data to servers distributed around the world and process them through them. , The result is no different from 10,000 people searching this data at the same time.
The rapid development of big data has far exceeded people's imagination. Of particular concern is that in March 2012, the Obama Administration released the "Big Data Research and Development Plan" and announced an initial investment of more than US $ 200 million in funds for research and development of key technologies for big data to seize the development and utilization of data resources. Commanding heights. In May 2012, the United Nations "Global Pulse" plan released the report "Big Data Development: Opportunities and Challenges", and developed countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, and Canada responded positively. China also established the Big Data Expert Committee of the China Communications Society in October 2012. Various signs indicate that all countries in the world, especially developed countries, have put big data development at the national strategic level to promote it, making big data a new focus for the world's new strategic resources.
For the development of big data, McKinsey, a world-renowned consulting company, believes that data has penetrated into every industry and business function area and has gradually become an important production factor; while the use of massive data will herald a new wave of productivity growth. The coming, widespread application in the fields of government public services, people's livelihood medical services, maintenance of social stability, dynamic safety supervision, etc., will generate huge social value and industrial space. Some organizations predict that the application of big data will enable the US retail industry to achieve a net profit growth of 60% and reduce manufacturing product development and assembly costs by 50%. This impact and change are revolutionary, indicating that big data contains great value.
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