Green packaging, also known as environmentally friendly packaging, generally refers to the packaging design can not only ensure the performance of the goods intact, but also meet the requirements of environmental protection and resource regeneration. Green packaging is in line with sustainable development strategies and is therefore becoming the mainstream of packaging design.
As a new type of functional beverage, health beer has a variety of nourishing, dietary or auxiliary therapeutic effects and is therefore increasingly favored by consumers. The implementation of green packaging for health beer is conducive to the maintenance and play of the health care function of health beer, and the economic and social benefits are all outstanding.
1 Significance of green packaging for health beer China is the world's largest producer and consumer of beer. The development, production and consumption of health beer are developing rapidly. The introduction of green packaging into health beer packaging design has many unique advantages.
1.1 Helping to maintain the health care function of health beer The health beer is different from ordinary beer and often contains vitamins, enzymes, polysaccharides, peptides, minerals, secondary metabolites and other nutrients or medicinal ingredients. These health care ingredients may have potential for packaging design. There are special requirements, and proper green packaging can not only protect the health-care ingredients of health-care beer, but also produce no side effects harmful to the human body or the ecological environment.
1.2 In line with the trend of sustainable development The shortage of resources and energy, the destruction of the ecological environment and the increase of the population all urgently require humans to implement sustainable development strategies. As an integral part of social production, the packaging industry must also take the path of sustainable development, that is, implementing green packaging.
1.3 Helping to improve the economic benefits of health beer With the development and progress of the times, people's awareness of nutrition and health care continues to increase. Consumers' recognition and preferences for health foods and green packaging are also growing.
For example, as early as the 1996 International Food Expo in Paris, the “green food†and “green packaging†booths were favored by manufacturers and consumers all over the world. Based on this, it is concluded that the green packaged health beer will also receive universal attention and recognition from consumers, which will greatly increase the economic benefits of health beer.
1.4 Health care beer provides an important space for the development of green packaging Expensive costs have greatly limited the promotion and application of PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) green materials in beer packaging. Putting PEN bottles into the high-end beer packaging market is an important way to solve this problem. The high value-added health beer just provides a more suitable place for PEN.
1.5 Helping promote the development of the Chinese health beer industry The Chinese herbal medicine is a wonderful flower of the world's medical forest. Its magical efficacy has been recognized and respected by more and more countries and regions in the world, and the use of Chinese herbal medicine active ingredients to develop health care Beer has taken full advantage of China’s natural resources and has great potential and competitiveness in the international market. If the concept of green packaging is integrated into the package of Chinese herbal medicine and health beer, it will undoubtedly increase the value of Chinese herbal medicine and health beer, thereby establishing the advantage position of China's health care beer industry in the international market.
2 Status Quo of Health Beer Packaging Currently, the packaging design of health beer is similar to that of ordinary beer, and glass bottles or metal cans (mainly aluminum listening) are mainly used for packaging. However, traditional glass bottles and aluminum hearing (including aluminum alloy cans) have many disadvantages.
2.1 Disadvantages of Glass Bottles Glass beer bottles have the advantages of good gas barrier properties (barrier properties), but their disadvantages are also outstanding.
1) The glass bottle is poor in impact resistance, easily broken, and even hurt by explosion.
2) The glass bottle has a high density, is not portable, and has a high transportation cost.
3) The debris of glass bottles is difficult to clean up. Some countries have banned the circulation of glass bottled beer in public places such as beaches, sports venues, and tourist resorts.
2.2 Disadvantages of aluminum hearing Aluminum hearing overcomes the disadvantages of glass bottles that can easily explode and injure people, but the cost is high, and the aluminum element may pose a potential hazard to the human body. Modern medical studies have found that excessive intake of aluminum may cause brain or bone lesions. Researchers at the University of Osi-jek in Croatia found that the aluminum content in aluminum canned beer was significantly higher than that in glass bottles; and, as the shelf life extended, the aluminum concentration in aluminum canned beer gradually increased. Although, in order to prevent the aluminum in the aluminum auditory wall from melting into beer, some packaging companies have applied a protective film on the inner wall of the aluminum auditorium. However, these films often have defects and it is difficult to completely prevent aluminum from being dissolved.
In order to overcome the limitations of traditional beer packaging, people have made many improvements in various aspects such as the selection of packaging materials, packaging technology, and recycling and reuse of packaging products, and have made a lot of progress. However, these tasks are still in the initial stage of R&D application. For health beer, green packaging has not yet been realized.
3 Development strategy of green packaging for health beer The implementation of green packaging for health beer has good prospects for development. In the future, we should pay attention to the following aspects.
3.1 Packaging materials must meet the green packaging requirements, but also to adapt to the characteristics of beer products Green food packaging materials can be roughly divided into four categories: degradable materials (such as polyketone), edible materials (such as soybean protein packaging film) , recyclable materials, paper materials. In beer green packaging, recyclable materials are currently used. Although paper materials are used in Japanese sake and wine packaging, they cannot be used in beer packaging due to reasons such as poor gas barrier properties.
Compared with other alcoholic beverages or liquid beverages, beer is a kind of "pretty" drink. It is low in alcohol, nutritious and rich in C02, so it is cold, hot, light, oxygen, and leak-proof. Fear of shock. It is because of the "queerness" of beer that the research and development of new materials and containers for beer packaging have been slow. Until the end of the last century, PET, PEN and other recyclable plastic materials were able to emerge in the beer green packaging.
Emerging PET bottles have many advantages: 1) The density is only 1/18~1/8 of the glass bottle, so it is easy to carry and has low transportation cost; 2) The impact resistance, compressive strength and crack resistance are high; 3 ) Transparency and cleanliness are high; 4) Modified PET bottles have CO2, O2, water and aroma barrier equal to or better than glass bottles. Therefore, the launch of PET beer bottles has attracted the attention of various countries.
However, pure PET bottles also have some deficiencies (such as high oxygen permeability). In view of this, people started to improve PET bottles, such as barrier coating of PET bottles, processing of multi-layer composite PET bottles with barrier layers, and the like. These measures have received good improvements. In 1998, PET/Amosorb 3000/PET three-layer bottles (Amosorb3000 series oxygen-absorbing copolymers) developed by AmcorPET of the United States were used for canned Budweiser beer.
PEN replaces PET's benzene ring with naphthalene ring, so it has more excellent mechanical properties and chemical resistance properties, and it is particularly commendable that PEN's C02 and O2 barrier properties are 4-5 times that of PET. Therefore, PEN is considered to be the most suitable material for beer green packaging so far. However, there are still some problems with PEN and modified PET: 1) The cost is high; 2) Some properties are still to be improved. For example, the problem of fragrant or offensive taste of modified PET has not been solved. All these need to continue to study and improve in the future work.
3.2 The packaging design must take into account the characteristics of health beer. There are many kinds of health beer, and the health care ingredients are also varied. In the green packaging of health beer, not only the characteristics of beer but also the characteristics of various health-care ingredients must be considered. Not only does the packaging material fail to chemically react with the health-care ingredients, but it also requires that the packaging design has the aid of a health-care ingredient. For example, tea polyphenols, the active ingredient in tea beer, easily polymerize with O2 under the conditions of pH>8 and light, and can react with iron to generate green-black complexes. Therefore, the o2 barrier property of the packaging container must be fully considered during the tea beer packaging process, and iron contamination must be strictly avoided. For another example, riboflavin is easily photolyzed, and health care beer that uses riboflavin as a health care ingredient must be designed to avoid light when it is packaged.
3.3 In addition to the use of green packaging materials, attention should also be paid to green transportation, green equipment, green management and green processes. Green packaging is essentially a production model that considers sustainable development in the life cycle of packaging products. In the packaging of health beer, greenness should go through all aspects of packaging. For example, at the same time when PET green materials were used, some people examined the noise of PET bottles and can finally prove that PET beer bottles did not produce noise pollution.
3.4 Pay attention to visual communication design PET, PEN bottle appearance texture, decorating and printing performance are better than glass bottles, which provides a superior visual communication design platform for health beer green packaging. In the packaging of health beer packaging, the characteristics of texture, color, texture, and physical and chemical properties of green packaging materials should be fully considered, combining artistic thinking with scientific and technological thinking, combining times and national characteristics, and stylization and personalization. Finally, it created a unique packaging design.
Designers can develop visual communication works that meet the relevant consumer psychology based on the visual perception of various health beer-applicable people. For example, for low-alcohol beer, where young people (especially women) are the main consumers, adopting a lively, brightly coloured, lighter, and higher-purity packaging design will more easily stimulate their desire for consumption.
It is worth pointing out that, for health-care beer with a strong national characteristics (such as bitter gourd beer), drawing nutrition from the long-standing national culture of China has helped to create visual communication works with Chinese characteristics. For example, designers can absorb the essence of plastic arts from ceramics, bronze mirrors, tripods, shadows, and other artifacts, and enjoy the style of calligraphy from such cultural heritage sites as Fattbit, Cliff Stone, Bronze Inscription, and India, from Chinese painting, embroidery, cloisonne, and murals. Crafts and other crafts can comprehend the colors and then refine and sublimate them, eventually creating a healthy beer packaging design with a strong cultural heritage.
4 Conclusions The development of modern civilization has led to a rapid increase in people's attention to nutrition, health care, ecological balance and environmental protection. This creates a huge potential for the development of green packaging for health beer. The development of health beer is not only conducive to the preemption of green beer packaging market, but also has great strategic significance for the development of the entire beer industry and packaging industry in China. At the same time, in the field of health beer development, we must step up the pace of research and development of green packaging design, so that China's green packaging of health beer to a new level.
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