1, the load side
The hospital's medical facilities are generally divided into three categories: the first category is the contact parts that do not use medical electrical equipment, that is, the category 0 medical facilities; the second category is the category 1 medical site, that is, the electrical equipment components used need to be in contact with the patient. The third category is the contact parts of electrical equipment that need to be in contact with the patient, and the medical field where the power interruption can endanger the patient's life. Therefore, the hospital's load level is divided according to the degree of correlation between the medical site and the person's life safety and the degree of contact with the human body, and the automatic restoration of the power supply time must also be strictly set in accordance with the requirements in the "Electrical Design Code for Civil Buildings". For example, in a hospital, the outpatient service is a Class 1 medical facility, and the requirement for automatic power restoration time is lower, and the normal range is greater than 15s; but for the baby room, it is the same type 1 medical site, and the automatic power restoration time must be Within 15s, it may cause medical accidents; the operating room is a Class 2 medical facility, which has higher requirements for power supply. Once power is cut off, it must be restored within 0.5s. In general, the automatic recovery power supply time ≥ 0.5ss should be supplied according to the primary load; the medical field with automatic recovery time between 0.5 and 15s should be powered according to the secondary load; in addition, the power should be supplied according to the three-level load.
2, power supply system
The determination of the power supply system depends on the nature of the hospital's load. According to the relevant regulations, the hospital building is a high-rise building with an emergency department, a baby room, a blood bank, etc., which is a primary load object, that is, such a hospital must have two power supplies. When the primary load is small, priority should be given. The second low voltage power supply. According to the provisions of the "Electrical Design Code for Civil Buildings", the hospital's power supply system can be roughly divided into four levels: special-grade and third-class hospitals use 10kV cable double-line special power supply, hospitals have their own diesel generators, and important equipment uses UPS. Power supply; three-level hospitals use 10kV cable double-line special power supply, important equipment is UPS power supply; second-class hospitals use 10kV dual-line or single-line power supply, important equipment uses UPS power supply: the first-class hospital uses single-channel 10kV power supply, Important equipment is powered by UPS.
3, low-voltage power distribution
The hospital's low-voltage power distribution system generally uses radial or trunk power. Some particularly important equipment should be equipped with a diesel generator set in addition to the two-way power supply. For different hospitals, their electrical equipment also has its own characteristics, and should adopt corresponding electrical design schemes according to different electrical equipment.
3.1 operating room
Considering the special function of the operating room, the power supply needs to match the generator set in addition to the two dedicated lines. The electricity used in the operating room should be supplied by the substation dedicated line and can be switched freely in the power distribution room in the operating room. The power mains of each operating room must be laid separately, and the short-circuit, over-current and over-voltage protection measures should be taken. In the clean operating room, there should be a dedicated power distribution cabinet, which must be set up in the flying clean area, and its total load should be no less than 8kVA.
3.2 emergency room
The power supply requirements of the emergency operating room should be designed according to the different requirements of the equipment within it. For example, the emergency operating room, laboratory, observation room, etc. should design the power supply system according to the requirements of different equipment.
3.3 Laboratory
Medical devices in the laboratory are highly resistant to voltage stability and therefore require their power source to come from a socket with a voltage regulator.
3.4 Radiology
The radiology department mainly includes the ETC room, the CT room, and the X-ray room. The power supply of the three should have a separate dedicated circuit for the power distribution. Each department should have its own voltage regulator to ensure the capacity of the equipment, and the corresponding distribution box should also be set. Lighting, work lights, etc. should have a corresponding chain function.
4, lighting
Lighting system is an important symbol of the development of modern hospitals. It should be designed according to the requirements of medical staff and patients. The proper lighting environment can improve the quality of medical staff and improve the recovery efficiency of patients. But it can't be too luxurious, otherwise it will increase the cost of the hospital and bring intangible costs to the patients. Therefore, it is necessary to design a reasonable lighting system according to different places, and at the same time combine natural light to create a good lighting environment for patients and medical staff. According to the relevant requirements of "Architectural Lighting Design Standards", different medical standards of different medical fields, such as the operating room, the illumination standard value of 0.75m horizontal height is 750lx; the illumination standard in the ward is 100lx. In addition, we must also consider the use of medical equipment, such as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging room needs to use electromagnetic shielding, its lighting fixtures should use direct current, its illumination can not be arbitrarily improved; ophthalmic darkroom should use incandescent lamps with adjustable brightness; X-ray diagnosis The room should be equipped with a red warning light on the door to remind other personnel that the department is working. It should also design a linkage device. When the personnel enters the accident, take emergency measures to prevent personal injury to the patient.
In the surgery, in addition to the special shadowless lamps, there must be general lighting. Both need to be powered by different loops. The brightness of the special shadowless lamp for surgery should be 20,000 to 100,000 lx; ​​the shadowless lamp for oral surgery is 10,000 lx. In the ward, the individual wards can adopt adjustable energy-saving lamps; in the public ward, the design of one bed and one lamp should be adopted, and the light source can be adjusted to avoid affecting other beds. The illuminance for the pediatric ward should be 1.0lx. In places where ultraviolet disinfection is required, such as respiratory departments, surgery, etc., it should be ensured that the UV lamp does not reach the patient, and the power density should be 1.5W/m2 to 3W/m2, and the brightness should be increased when the sterilization requirement is high. In the design of emergency lighting, evacuation lighting special lamps should be installed in public passages, public halls, stairs, fire elevators, etc., and indicator lights should be set at the safety exits. Due to the high mobility of hospitals, design standards should be improved in order to prevent panic from emergency power outages. At the same time, safety lighting is set in the operating room and in the critical observation room.
5, cable selection
Because the patient's main personnel are limited in their ability to move, beware of fires. Therefore, in selecting a line with a margin, the cable should be made of a low-smoke, halogen-free flame-retardant wire or cable. For some special departments, places that still need to work in the event of a fire, such as operating rooms, should use mineral insulated cables.
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