Biological 3D printing has always been an important part of scientific research. Although countries around the world are working on the development of organic 3D printed organic materials, there is still a long way to go to print a beating live heart.
This week, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) made some breakthroughs in bio 3D printing. They have been able to print non-live heart shapes and coronary arteries with specially modified printers.
Adam Feinberg, associate professor of materials science and bioengineering at CMU, explained to us: "Now we can use magnetic resonance imaging to obtain images of the heart prototype and coronary arteries, and use bio-based 3D printing of super soft materials such as collagen and fibrin. â€
One of the biggest problems scientists face today is that bio 3D printing requires super soft materials. Because metal and plastic can be printed through layers, they harden quickly and there is almost no possibility of collapse. Biological 3D printing is bound to face this problem. Feinberg said: “Flexible materials, like jelly, are easy to collapse. So we developed a new printing method that embeds one gel into another gel to achieve layer-by-layer printing and reduce the possibility of collapse.â€
CMU's gel technology is not the first time it has been used to support flexible 3D tissue printed on flexible materials. Just last month, scientists at the University of Florida detailed the method of 3D printing of soft materials by using a hydrogel as a support for the printed object. The gel looks like a disinfectant and they name it. For Carbopol EDT 2020.
That being the case, what's new about CMU's gel technology? So far, their gel technology is the first in the world to use collagen and fibrin. In addition, their gels are also prone to melting and can be removed by increasing body temperature, thereby avoiding the potential hazards of biological 3D printed organs on human cells.
One of the great advantages of CMU's bio 3D printing technology is that their printing costs are low. Because most bio 3D printing requires a dedicated printer, the cost is generally more than $100,000. CMU's research team used a consumer-grade 3D printer to remodel. To this end, they also successfully designed a series of open source hardware and software to meet their needs.
Feinberg added: “Not only is the cost low, the fine-tuning and optimization of parameters can be achieved through open source software, and the print quality is maximized to accelerate the development and innovation of new materials.â€
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