Wood identification is part of the anatomy of wood, and wood anatomy is a branch of botany. As early as 1931, the world's wood anatomists jointly established the "International Association of Wood Anatomists" (IAWA), with more than 500 members from more than 60 countries and regions around the world. It can be seen that wood anatomy is also an ancient subject. In the last 20 years, with the advancement of science, it has developed into an emerging discipline with multiple disciplines. For many years, wood anatomists have been working to promote research in plants, forestry, wood technology, archaeology and forensic science. IAWA regularly organizes international conferences and academic exchanges with organizations such as the International Union of Forests (IUFRO) and the International Botanical Society (IBS). At the same time, IAWA also has its own publication IAWA Journal.
In order to correctly identify wood, especially in the case of a wide variety of imported tropical woods (many of which are under-recognized and less used), they must have good hardware and software conditions. The hardware includes well-named wood specimens, which should normally come from the research institutes and colleges or in the collection of the colleges, but must be named by a botanist or tree taxonomist with a Latin name. General wood specimens should also be equipped with specimens of the corresponding leaves of the trees, while cutting permanent optical sections in the laboratory, each section has three sections of the horizontal, radial and chord of the wood. Wood specimens and sections are valuable materials for direct comparison of wood identification. Since wood is a biological material with high variability, the more types and numbers of wood specimens and slices, the better, providing more useful information. There should also be a slide-away microtome for preparing slices, corresponding glassware, common chemical reagents, and biological dyes. At the same time, the hardware also includes tools for assisting identification such as magnifying glasses, optical microscopes, binary search tables, search for punch cards and computers, etc.; books and materials on wood identification in various countries. The so-called software refers to experienced professionals who can master and use the terminology of wood recognition to accurately describe the macro and micro characteristics of wood. They will use auxiliary identification cards and computer software to find relevant books and materials skillfully. Get accurate and unambiguous identification results. It should be emphasized here that if you want to correctly grasp the identification characteristics of wood, you must first understand the "List of Broadleaf Tree Wood Identification Features" published by IAWA in 1989 and the upcoming "Conifer Wood Identification Features List". The terminology of these materials is accurate and rigorous, the interpretation is very clear, and the pictures are well written and written in English, which is conducive to international exchanges. In order to facilitate the use of timber workers in our country and to be in line with international standards, Mr. Cheng Junqing translated the “Timber of Anatomy of Wood Anatomy†of the I-AWA Noun Committee in 1964. Recently, Mr. Yang Jiaxuan will publish the translation of the “List of IAWA1989†above. Please study carefully.
Wood identification is very practical. The best way is to practice while learning, that is, while looking at the terminology, while looking at the wood specimens and slices, one by one, you can achieve integration and use. There is a misunderstanding in the identification. Some people send a test sample and often say "you can give it a look." In fact, it is far from being as simple as you think. Identifying wood can be done on two levels, macroscopic and microscopic. Macroscopic recognition is observed with the naked eye or a 10x magnifying glass. First cut off some of the wood surface with a sharp knife and wet it with water. Observe the external surface features of the wood to identify the wood. This method is simple and easy to use, mainly used in production sites, but the identification of tree species, especially imported tropical materials, is still difficult, not accurate enough, and often only identifies large categories. As a research institution, the Wood Industry Research Institute must add microscopic identification, that is, observe the internal anatomical features with an optical microscope, that is, observe the morphology and arrangement characteristics of various types of cells and tissues constituting wood, and involve more identification features. More accurate. But it needs to be produced, and the process is troublesome. Due to the limitations of equipment and technical power, not all units can adopt. Years of experience have taught us that in order to identify accurate, especially illegible or controversial woods, macro and micro recognition must be organically combined and indispensable. The results of the preliminary judgment are checked against the description of the book on wood identification;
Common authoritative professional books, such as the Chinese Wood Journal published by the Chinese Academy of Forestry, China Forestry Publishing House, Southeast Asia Tropical Wood, African Tropical Wood, Latin American Tropical Wood "Wait. At the same time, the wood specimens and slices of the specimen room must be carefully compared, and then reviewed by the reviewer before the final conclusion of the wood name can be made.
The Institute of Wood Industry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry has the first timber specimen museum in the country. After several generations of efforts, we have first-class hardware and software in the field of wood science, especially wood identification, and have achieved a large number of important scientific research results. At the same time, we have trained many experts who have been practicing wood quality and identification for many years. He has accumulated rich experience and provided good services for scientific research, trade, market, archaeology, forensic science and other fields, and will continue to serve the above fields, especially the timber industry and timber trade.
In order to correctly identify wood, especially in the case of a wide variety of imported tropical woods (many of which are under-recognized and less used), they must have good hardware and software conditions. The hardware includes well-named wood specimens, which should normally come from the research institutes and colleges or in the collection of the colleges, but must be named by a botanist or tree taxonomist with a Latin name. General wood specimens should also be equipped with specimens of the corresponding leaves of the trees, while cutting permanent optical sections in the laboratory, each section has three sections of the horizontal, radial and chord of the wood. Wood specimens and sections are valuable materials for direct comparison of wood identification. Since wood is a biological material with high variability, the more types and numbers of wood specimens and slices, the better, providing more useful information. There should also be a slide-away microtome for preparing slices, corresponding glassware, common chemical reagents, and biological dyes. At the same time, the hardware also includes tools for assisting identification such as magnifying glasses, optical microscopes, binary search tables, search for punch cards and computers, etc.; books and materials on wood identification in various countries. The so-called software refers to experienced professionals who can master and use the terminology of wood recognition to accurately describe the macro and micro characteristics of wood. They will use auxiliary identification cards and computer software to find relevant books and materials skillfully. Get accurate and unambiguous identification results. It should be emphasized here that if you want to correctly grasp the identification characteristics of wood, you must first understand the "List of Broadleaf Tree Wood Identification Features" published by IAWA in 1989 and the upcoming "Conifer Wood Identification Features List". The terminology of these materials is accurate and rigorous, the interpretation is very clear, and the pictures are well written and written in English, which is conducive to international exchanges. In order to facilitate the use of timber workers in our country and to be in line with international standards, Mr. Cheng Junqing translated the “Timber of Anatomy of Wood Anatomy†of the I-AWA Noun Committee in 1964. Recently, Mr. Yang Jiaxuan will publish the translation of the “List of IAWA1989†above. Please study carefully.
Wood identification is very practical. The best way is to practice while learning, that is, while looking at the terminology, while looking at the wood specimens and slices, one by one, you can achieve integration and use. There is a misunderstanding in the identification. Some people send a test sample and often say "you can give it a look." In fact, it is far from being as simple as you think. Identifying wood can be done on two levels, macroscopic and microscopic. Macroscopic recognition is observed with the naked eye or a 10x magnifying glass. First cut off some of the wood surface with a sharp knife and wet it with water. Observe the external surface features of the wood to identify the wood. This method is simple and easy to use, mainly used in production sites, but the identification of tree species, especially imported tropical materials, is still difficult, not accurate enough, and often only identifies large categories. As a research institution, the Wood Industry Research Institute must add microscopic identification, that is, observe the internal anatomical features with an optical microscope, that is, observe the morphology and arrangement characteristics of various types of cells and tissues constituting wood, and involve more identification features. More accurate. But it needs to be produced, and the process is troublesome. Due to the limitations of equipment and technical power, not all units can adopt. Years of experience have taught us that in order to identify accurate, especially illegible or controversial woods, macro and micro recognition must be organically combined and indispensable. The results of the preliminary judgment are checked against the description of the book on wood identification;
Common authoritative professional books, such as the Chinese Wood Journal published by the Chinese Academy of Forestry, China Forestry Publishing House, Southeast Asia Tropical Wood, African Tropical Wood, Latin American Tropical Wood "Wait. At the same time, the wood specimens and slices of the specimen room must be carefully compared, and then reviewed by the reviewer before the final conclusion of the wood name can be made.
The Institute of Wood Industry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry has the first timber specimen museum in the country. After several generations of efforts, we have first-class hardware and software in the field of wood science, especially wood identification, and have achieved a large number of important scientific research results. At the same time, we have trained many experts who have been practicing wood quality and identification for many years. He has accumulated rich experience and provided good services for scientific research, trade, market, archaeology, forensic science and other fields, and will continue to serve the above fields, especially the timber industry and timber trade.
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