Natural grass bed construction differs from other site preparations in terms of soil processing. To meet the requirements outlined in the design documents, it is essential to ensure proper growth conditions for grass seedlings and achieve effective drainage. The construction process focuses on several key aspects:
1. Layout and marking are crucial at the beginning. Using the center pile of the field, we determine the exact location of the site. We apply the coordinate method to accurately position the four corners, and use diagonal measurements to verify the size and angles of the field. Additional checks can be done using alternative methods to ensure precision.
2. During the leveling phase, a square grid method is used to control elevation, rather than relying on vertical or horizontal slope techniques. The grid size is typically 5 meters by 5 meters, ensuring even distribution and accurate measurement across the entire area.
3. After completing the earthwork, full-site compaction is necessary. A roller with a weight of at least 12 tons is used, either through light grinding or vibratory compaction. The goal is to level the ground and create a dense, uniform base that prevents uneven settlement. Any high or low areas should be filled or adjusted accordingly, aiming for a compaction density of up to 95%. It’s important to avoid any slushy spots, and if found, they must be fully treated. Relying solely on bulldozers for leveling is not recommended, as this could lead to future issues like large-scale settling, which would affect the lawn's performance and maintenance.
4. Installing a gravel layer is vital for drainage. The materials used should be clean and free of impurities. Each layer is applied in sections, no more than 20 cm thick. Once laid, large tracked bulldozers are used to roll the entire area at least twice, ensuring proper compaction and stability.
5. Blind ditches are constructed after the first drainage layer is in place. Each ditch must have a proper drainage gradient, with smooth walls and no obstructions. After placing the filter pipe, gravel is placed on both sides, compacted thoroughly. The backfilling process involves layers of coarse gravel, fine gravel, and sand—never randomly mixed. Finally, all excavated soil is removed from the site to maintain cleanliness and functionality.
6. The sand used for backfilling often comes from riverbeds or natural sources, which may contain harmful bacteria, nematodes, and weed seeds. Therefore, disinfection is required during soil mixing. Previously, a waiting period was needed after the sand arrived before sterilization could take place, but modern practices allow for more efficient treatment.
7. To improve the stability of the grass, a tensile material is installed beneath the topsoil. This grid-like material has openings no larger than 1 cm, allowing grass roots to pass through and interlock, providing better anchoring. This helps prevent large sections of turf from lifting when athletes perform movements on the field.
8. Before planting the grass, a final measurement is taken to check the elevation and slope, ensuring the surface is flat. The allowable deviation in flatness is generally no more than 1 cm, guaranteeing a smooth and even playing surface.
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