Household kitchen freezers have unique structural, installation, and maintenance characteristics, and their refrigeration systems are similar to those found in standard refrigerators. When designing the cooling system, it's important to consider the temperature distribution within the unit. The mechanical compartment typically generates more heat, so the chamber adjacent to it is often used as the refrigeration compartment, while the one farther away serves as the freezing compartment. This layout is similar to that of a refrigerator, allowing for either direct cooling or indirect cooling methods.
In a direct-cooling system, tube plate evaporators can be installed in both the freezer and refrigeration compartments, offering a simple and cost-effective design. However, in an indirect-cooling system, fans are used to circulate air between the compartments, ensuring even temperature distribution. This method usually involves a finned-tube evaporator and a fan. While this setup is effective, it introduces challenges such as maintaining airflow balance and managing the space taken up by the evaporator and fan. If these components are placed inside the mechanical room, the air must travel through ducts, which increases the complexity of the system and reduces the usable storage space in the freezer and refrigeration compartments.
For refrigerants, R134a is a suitable choice due to its environmental friendliness and efficiency. Regarding the condenser design, kitchen freezers are typically built into cabinets, with the top covered and the back against a wall, limiting natural airflow. As a result, a rear-mounted wire condenser is commonly used. However, placing plate condensers on the sides or inside the cabinet is not practical due to spatial constraints.
The bottom of an air-cooled root pump freezer is usually about 100mm above the ground. A horizontal wire condenser is often suspended at the base, with a water tray positioned on top to aid evaporation. While this might seem like a viable option from a structural perspective, the lower front baffle and enclosed sides limit natural convection, making heat dissipation inefficient.
To improve performance, a forced convection system is recommended. An air-cooled finned-tube condenser is installed in the front lower part of the mechanical room, near the panel. Air enters through a grille, passes through the condenser, and then flows over the refrigeration compressor before being directed down and expelled through vents on the lower baffle. This airflow arrangement helps prevent hot air from blowing directly out of the front panel, keeps the bottom of the cabinet dry, and reduces the risk of moisture and mold buildup.
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