The material is gradually scarce, and it has been in the chamber since the Qianlong period.
The slightly acidic aroma, the reddish wood color, and the delicate material make the red rosewood through hundreds of years of wind and rain, and enter the country along the Nanyang sea boat. An unintentional move created the reputation of the red rosewood, and the love of the royal family fulfilled the prosperity of the red rosewood. When Hainan huanghuali and red sandalwood are rare, the price is daunting. Red rosewood is favored by many insiders and is expected to become the next investment hotspot with great appreciation.
ã€Glossary】
Red rosewood, tropical evergreen large tree, because of the unique acidity of the new cut surface when sawing, it is called "sour branch". In the north of China, it is called "old mahogany." The National Redwood Standard is designated as "red rosewood". Red rosewood is a leguminous Dalbergia wood, mainly distributed in the tropical regions of Southeast Asia and Central and South America.
Red rosewood wood and color similar to sandalwood rosewood, annual ring pattern is straight filament, blinking is larger than red sandalwood, color is similar to jujube; wood is hard, delicate, can sink in water, generally have to grow for more than 500 years to use The most obvious difference from other woods is that the wood grain often has dark brown or black stripes in the deep red, giving a feeling of antique.
The National Redwood Standard stipulates that the red rosewood has the following four necessary conditions: 1. Dalbergia species; 2. The wood structure is fine to very fine, and the average pipe diameter is not more than 200 microns; 3. Wood When the water content is 12%, the air dry density is greater than 0.85 g/cm 3 ; 4. The wood heart material is reddish brown to purple red.
Zheng He’s “Masterpiece†of Xiayang
When Zheng He led a huge fleet of more than 240 ships and 27,400 crew members to the West, it was probably not expected that after the return of the trip, the Chinese mahogany furniture materials were inadvertently achieved. Handed down treasures.
According to the research of Hu Guyue, the general manager of Beijing Fuxing Guyue Hongmu Furniture Co., Ltd., Zheng He, who started in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, went to the Western Sea with the full ship’s Jurassic treasures to promote Guowei and open up overseas trade. However, the goods traded The weight is too light. In order to prevent the huge ships from drifting on the sea, Zheng He and his entourage, when passing through Southeast Asia and other countries, cut down the local Sian rosewood as a boat to support the cargo ship. After returning to China, these over-the-counter woods were discarded on the shore and became unintentional waste. Later, some folks inadvertently tried to use these oars to make furniture, only to discover the value and mystery. The Sian rosewood, which is used as a boat, is now known as the red rosewood.
At present, the red rosewood materials used in the mahogany furniture market are mainly divided into two types, one is the “red rosewood†commonly known as “red rosewood†and “old redwoodâ€, and the other is commonly known as “new redwood†and “whiteâ€. "Anolian Dalbergia", which is commonly known as the red rosewood material, is the Sian rosewood. "Before the introduction of the "Redwood National Standard" in 2000, the word "Redwood" refers specifically to the red rosewood." However, the red rosewood that just entered the Chinese people's vision did not enter the room to the home of the royal family, let alone enter the court, but only used by the people.
After the Qing Dynasty, red rosewood, together with huanghuali and red sandalwood, became the three main materials for court furniture. The process of making furniture for red rosewood should be the same as that of red sandalwood. That is, the final process should use the method of mixing the base color and then ironing the wax. Never use ordinary hardwood. Because the old mahogany contains wax, just rub the wax, it can be smooth and lustrous, and the gloss is durable, giving a mellow and subtle beauty.
The rise of the people in the Qing
For more than three hundred years after flowing into China, red rosewood materials and their furniture were scattered among the people and were not favored by history. Red rosewood is truly recorded as a precious wood, dating back to the middle of the Qing Dynasty. According to Zhou Jingnan, deputy research librarian of the Palace Museum, from the perspective of the furniture and archives handed down from the world, Qianlong could hardly see the record of rosewood furniture. The rosewood was basically warned after the rosewood rosewood, as a substitute by Nanyang. Imported.
According to research, rosewood furniture appeared in the Qing Dynasty twenty years after Qianlong. In the archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the raw material of the rosewood is called "seaberry", and the furniture made is called mahogany. Judging from the archives of the Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as early as in the 20 years of Qianlong, there were many records about the palace mahogany furniture in the living room of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
In the 20th year of Emperor Qianlong's founding of the "Oil and Wood Works" record: "On April 24th, the staff of the foreign minister Wu De, Ku palm Da Da, and Jinjiang Shuxing said that the eunuch Elu Li Chuan: Ningshou Palace Shou The church is now set up with a pair of bells, and it is equipped with a few incense sticks. On the third day of May, a pair of bells for the Ningshou Palace Shoutang is set up, and a pair of mahogany incenses are added, and a pattern of papers is drawn, and the dedication is given. Do it, do it."
In the twenty-fourth year of Emperor Qianlong's "Yumu Zuo" record: "On the fourth day of May, Wudang Wude, Kushangda Da, and Jinjiang Shuxing said that the eunuch Changning was in charge, and Fang Husheng was now supplied with mahogany. There are five cabinets, eight mats, and they are padded.
It can be seen from the above archives that the redwood was mainly used as a fragrant scent. During this period, the rosewood furniture still dominated the court.
Forty years after Qianlong, a large amount of rosewood entered the court of the Qing Dynasty. Only the office of the government office in the 43rd year of Qianlong received the storage of the old deposit: 3,800,800 pounds, 14 or 24 money. , new collection: 2,963 pounds of sea plum." In the fifty-three years of Qianlong’s office, the collection of storage materials was recorded in the Office of the Ministry of the Interior. In the past year, the old sour wood had a total of 82,451 kilograms of 224 yuan, compared with the forty-three years of Qianlong’s old preserved sea plum. The number of 41,520 pounds has doubled. This batch of considerable rosewood became an important raw material for the production of palace furniture in the late Qianlong period. Due to the abundant sources, the types and quantity of court furniture made by it are extremely rich, including mahogany incense, mahogany hanging screen, mahogany screen, mahogany table lamp, mahogany wall lamp, mahogany lamp, mahogany glass lamp, mahogany screen.
Zhou Jingnan said that by the end of the Qing Dynasty, the number of rosewood furniture has soared, and it has already occupied an important proportion in the court furniture of the Qing Dynasty. In the private sector, rosewood furniture is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and has become an indispensable home furnishings for the wealthy households. In the Daoguang period, the Yangzhou people wrote on the Yangzhou local customs and urban life novel "Fengyue Dream", which used a lot of space to describe mahogany furniture. It is worth mentioning that in the book "Feng Yue Meng", the mahogany furniture mentioned is called "haimei" furniture, which is called the mahogany furniture made by the domestic office of the late Qianlong government. The arguments for furniture are different.
Scarcity appears year after year
After the prosperity, the red rosewood that has never faded has crossed the dynasty's change into modern society, and its value and significance are more valued by people. The red rosewood furniture not only satisfies the Chinese people's natural preference for red, but also the method of making waxing without painting. It also bridges the pursuit of nature and return to the modern city. Therefore, sales in the north and south of the river are very popular. In view of the huge market demand, red rosewood raw materials are also scarce every year.
Ma Xinjian, chairman of Beijing Hongma Hongmu Furniture Co., Ltd. still remembers that in 2000, the raw materials of red rosewood purchased by the factory were mainly the trunk of the tree, which is the most essential part. However, in the past two years, the trunk has been very rare, replaced by branches, tree shrews and roots. "In the past, the rest of the trunk was cut off, and when the materials became less and less, the timber merchants began to The abandoned branches were pulled back and sold." In order to carry out the initial processing of the materials and facilitate the export, Ma Xinjian bought 5 hectares of land in Laos five or six years ago to build the factory. However, the huge amount of felling allowed the Lao government of the country of origin to take strict protection measures. Strictly crack down on illegal logging, and the export of semi-finished products of red rosewood furniture has also raised the threshold. In desperation, Ma Xinjian had to put aside plans for building factories.
Yang Jiayu, an expert in timber industry research at the Chinese Academy of Forestry, also expressed concern about the scarcity of red rosewood in the future. He believes that red rosewood is widely used in the production of high-grade mahogany furniture of various types and styles, and is also suitable for the production of decorative crafts, musical instruments, sculptures and so on. Due to the severe deforestation in recent years, the number of red rosewood in Laos has been very scarce. It can be expected that if it is not strictly protected, no more than five years, once the wood is cut down, Laos red rosewood will be hard to find like Hainan huanghuali.
The most potential for appreciation in the future
After experiencing the sharp rise and fall of the roller coaster in 2007 and 2008, starting from the second half of 2010, the raw materials of mahogany furniture once again rebounded strongly, and the market for the entire mahogany furniture market recovered significantly. Some experts speculate that the next hot spot of mahogany furniture will be the red rosewood that the consumer groups with more economic income can hunt.
Experts in the redwood industry said that the high price of Hainan huanghuali and the crisis of business integrity have led many collectors to slowly turn a blind eye. However, with the return to the familiarity of traditional Chinese furniture culture and the improvement of household conditions and quality of life, consumers' demand for high-quality, good-working and relatively price-friendly rosewood furniture is bound to increase, and red rosewood mahogany furniture is much more popular. Consumers' favor.
According to Ma Xinjian, around 2000, the price of raw materials for red rosewood was about 15,000 yuan a ton, and now the price of the same quality materials has reached 150,000 to 200,000 yuan, and some manufacturers even said that they are not as good at selling furniture. Selling wood directly is more profitable.
"China's domestic inflationary pressures have increased, the middle class has increased understanding of red rosewood furniture, and the demand has increased. The rapid appreciation of red rosewood furniture has become unstoppable." Yang Jiaxuan believes that the price of red rosewood materials and finished furniture is currently in Hainan. Huanghua pear and lobular rosewood still have a large distance, so the future red rosewood will harvest the largest appreciation space.
The Qing Palace called the rosewood as "seaberry"
â– History of development
â—Zhou Jingnan, deputy research librarian of the Palace Museum
In the storehouse of the Qing government office, the raw materials of rosewood (also known as mahogany) furniture are not called "redwood", and the finished furniture is called mahogany. So what is the raw material of Qinggong mahogany furniture? From the archives of the Qing Dynasty, it can be found that after the Qianlong Year, a new kind of wood entered the Qing Palace. This kind of wood is called “seameimuâ€, while the furniture made of “haimeimu†is called “redwood furnitureâ€, such as Qianlong. In the forty-one years, the “Case of Storage†of the Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs has detailed records of the old mahogany furniture and seaweed in the same year.
The "sour rosewood" that we are familiar with today is similar to the seaberry or mahogany. From the archives and literature records we can see now, the furniture called "sour branches" is more than mahogany and seaweed. It appeared later, and it began to enter the room in the Guangxu period and became the furnishings of wealthy families. It has an important place in the history of Chinese furniture.
According to the well-known condemning novel "The Blossoming Dreams" written by Huang Shizhong, a Cantonese prostitute published by Guangxu in the late Qing Dynasty in the late Qing Dynasty, there is a description of the furniture of "sourwood". The chapters of the book describe the Guangdong Customs Library Week. Yongyou furniture furnishings are extremely luxurious, there are a lot of rosewood furniture inside, such as the twenty-sixth "Zhou Shuji's cabinet to marry the giants, the Germans make the swallows of the sea": "At that time, Zhou Jia makeup also made eight or nine bed accounts, points In the winter and summer, it is a flower bud; the hook is a pair of gold intarsia; the cotton scorpion of the hanghuai is covered with two fine quilts from the United States. As for the large row of acid Two pairs of large benches, two on the second, two on the other, and two large vases on the ancient magnetic kiln."
Ancient "redwood" refers to rosewood
â– Name research
According to the research of Mr. Lin Yangsan, a Guangdong timber scientist in the 1990s, the “Redwood†was first appeared in the middle of the Qing Dynasty in China, and the “Redwood†that entered the coastal port of China from Southeast Asian countries at that time mainly referred to D. cochinchinensis. ) and a small amount of Barley Dalbergia, excluding other Dalbergia species or tropical hardwoods of other families. Because in the ancient "redwood" name appeared later than red sandalwood, rosewood, iron, ebony, scorpion, etc., there is sour in the sawing, so redwood is also known as "sour branches" in the south of China.
According to Zhou Jingnan, after the middle of the Qing Dynasty, due to the increasingly scarce source of high-quality wood, a new type of wood imported from the Nanyang region appeared, which was called mahogany at that time, and contained rosewood such as Dalbergia and Dalbergia. .
"Antiquities Guide" introduces the mahogany said: "Where the red of the wood can be called the mahogany. Only the secular so-called mahogany is a kind of wood. The term is not referring to mahogany." "The best of wood, except red sandalwood, When the mahogany is the most." In the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River once had the "Western Dynasty Tribute Code", Zhang Wei's "East and Western Ocean Examination", Xie Zaihang's "Five Miscellaneous", the Qing Dynasty Gu Yingtai's "The Museum of History", and the modern Chen Shoupeng's "Nanyang and Nanyang Islands" and other books. There are many types of wood, but there is no specific term for "redwood". Only in the "Western and Western Ocean Examination", under the Sumu article, "One Unification" is quoted: "One more", the common name "Redwood". "The Plant Name Map" introduces Sumu: "Su Fangmu, plant name, leguminous, evergreen tree, East India native, high five feet Xu, stem thorn, pinnate compound leaf, by most leaflets The small leaves are slightly leathery. The yellow flowers are quite beautiful. The stems are peeled and decoction, which can be red dye."
Good materials also need good craftsmanship
â– Industry statement
â—Hu Gu Yue, General Manager of Beijing Fuxing Guyue Hongmu Furniture Co., Ltd.
The consumption of mahogany furniture in Beijing presents a small, medium-sized spindle shape. Huanghua pear and red sandalwood are the spires of the pyramid. The songs are high and low, while the lower-end rosewood and chicken wing wood are also less consumed. The red rosewood in the middle end has always been the head of redwood consumption. People often have the mentality of "should eat birds four or two, do not eat animals and half a catty". In order to obtain a higher spiritual enjoyment value, most redwood fans choose red rosewood. Although the material is good, it also needs a good engraving. If the process is not good, it will violently smash the objects and ruin the materials. When consumers buy red rosewood furniture, they must not only see whether they are real materials, but also whether they have certain appreciation value, and avoid choosing products that are cheaper from small workshops.
Sapphire tree species named after the French
â– Lucidwood anecdote
Dalbergia chinensis in the red rosewood family belongs to the Bean or pea family Dalbergiaspp (also known as Sandalwood). The species was named in 1886 by the Frenchman Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre and Jean Marie Antoine de Llanesan.
Pierre is a French botanist and is known for histological research on the tropical regions of Asia. He was born in 1833 and established the Saigon Zoo and Botanical Garden in Indochina in 1864. His main works are Floreforestière de la Cochinchine ("Flowering plants of the cross toe"). Born in 1843, De-Lannis is a French political and military expert with a background in medicine and natural sciences. He has written about the political situation and natural species of Indochina.
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