Japanese and American scientists published a paper in the online edition of the new issue of "Science" magazine, saying that by analyzing all the information of the medaka deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), they found that the DNA nucleosome (the basic structural unit of chromatin) Structure affects the variation of DNA, and thus affects biological evolution.
The University of Tokyo recently issued a news bulletin saying that this achievement was jointly obtained by scientists from the University of Tokyo and Stanford University in the United States.
The communique said that most scientists have been using Darwin's evolutionary theory and the Japanese scientist Shimura Kimura's neutrality theory to complement each other to explain the DNA mutations. The basic principle of Darwin's theory of evolution is that natural selection controls the evolution of organisms, and nature will continually eliminate all harmful mutations that are not suitable for survival, and only allow beneficial mutations to survive. In the 1960s, Shimura Kimura proposed that the genetic variation that occurs at the molecular level is neutral, that is, it is neither beneficial nor harmful to biological survival, and natural selection has no effect on it. The new discoveries made by Japanese and American scientists have made people have a new understanding of DNA mutations, which may be a basic result reflecting the new principle of DNA mutations.
The communique said that in the second half of the 1990s, there were studies showing that the structure of DNA nucleosomes may affect DNA mutations. Scientists found that in the DNA base repair test, the structure of the DNA nucleosome is different, and there is a significant difference in base repair time. Some scientists have speculated that during natural evolution, the variation of DNA may be different due to the structure of nucleosomes, but scientists have not obtained direct evidence.
Shinichi Morishita, a graduate student at the University of Tokyo, and his colleagues at Stanford University in the United States used the ultra-high-speed DNA analysis device to analyze the structure of all DNA nucleosomes of the medaka, and the results confirmed the previous scientists' guesses. The communiqué believes that the results of this research can partially explain the process of biological genetic diversity.
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