In the 1950s, when I was working in the Yuanxin County Cultural Center in Hunan Province, I often provided promotional materials to rural clubs. Because of the large number of supplies and the limited funding of the Cultural Center, the propaganda materials are all based on manual engraving and manual printing.
Marking tools include steel plate, stylus, wax paper and mimeograph. The method is to place the wax paper on a steel plate with diagonal cross patterns, hold the wax paper in the left hand, and use the stylus to engrave on the wax paper stroke by stroke in the right hand to make a mimeograph. The typefaces are hand-written and hand-written, and there are small square plates that are used to engrave the characters in a square shape compared to the stylus. The publicity tabloids are generally engraved with artistic word headers and equipped with fleur de lis. The singing material is engraved with a designed cover, with captions and illustrations. After engraving the words, you need to check them carefully. If you make a mistake, you can draw a match, let it blow out for a while, and use a red matchstick to roast the typo. The wax on the wax paper is melted, the typos are eliminated, and the correct words are re-engraved.
After the stencil was engraved, printing was started. The printing mimeograph is a wooden box 40cm × 60cm big and 12cm high. After removing the cover, you will see a glass embedded in the cover, which is used for rolling ink; the bottom of the box is raised, and there is a clip on the front, which is used for placing printing paper; The shelf can be lifted down. When printing, stick the stencil plate on the gauze and clamp the powdered paper (20-30 sheets) on the base. Then lift the shelf with your left hand and hold the ink roller in your right hand, roll the ink on the glass plate on which the ink is poured, and then use the appropriate force on the shelf to roll from one end to the other and print it in one go. If the print is heavy or exposed, just pull the paper and push it again. Print one, take another one, until it is finished.
With the best lettering, 100 sheets can be printed on one wax paper version. There is a large supply of singing materials, each of which has to be engraved with five or six or even more than ten stencils, and several people will be sleepy and dazzling when replacing the engraving. Therefore, every time the singing material is printed before the Spring Festival, it is a "fatigue battle", and everyone feels a headache.
Later, with the typewriter, there was also a semi-automatic roller mimeograph, which greatly reduced the burden. Now with computer printing, it is even easier.
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