The climber climbs under the protection given by the protection person through the climbing rope. One end of the climbing rope is connected with an iron lock or a belt directly connected to the climber's waist, and the other end is threaded through the iron lock and the descender connected with the belt of the protector and its waist belt, and passes through one or more fixed security in the middle. Iron lock on the fulcrum. As the climber rises, the protector constantly gives the rope (or receives the rope). When the climber misses, tighten the rope to stop the fall. When a sudden fall occurs, the impact force is very large. It is difficult to hold the rope directly. The impact force is mainly offset by the friction force of the rope and the iron lock and the descender. Because there is a lot of friction on the protection fulcrum, people with less weight can protect those with heavier weight. The form of protection is generally divided into the following two types according to the relative position of the protection fulcrum:
Above protection:
Protect the protection of the fulcrum above the climber. As the climber ascends, the protector keeps collecting the rope so that the climber does not leave any rope on his chest. However, he should not pull too tightly so as not to affect the climber's actions. This should be especially noticed when he climbs up to the elevation. There is no special requirement for the climber to protect the climber. It is safer to have a smaller impact when he crashes. When using the lower protection, the equipment used generally has seat belts, iron locks and descenders. When the protector collects the rope, he should pay attention to holding a rope behind the descender at any time (or grasping the ropes on both ends of the descender), and it is difficult to stop falling only by grasping the rope in front of the descender.
Below protection:
The protective fulcrum is located below the climber. There is no above-mentioned preset protection point. Only when the climber goes up, he continuously puts the protection rope into the iron lock on the way. This is the only feasible protection method for leading climbers. It is practical and it is a protection method prescribed in international competitions. However, this method of protection requires the climber to hang his own protection, and in the event of a fall, it has a large fall distance and strong impact, and is therefore generally used by skilled persons.
Climbing technology
Rock climbing should have good physical conditions, but it is more important to have skilled techniques. Learning and climbing techniques are very practical and must be practiced in constant climbing. If there are skilled people who can guide them, they will be able to get twice the result with half the effort.
Method:
The fundamental purpose of climbing in a hand is to move the body upwards and close to the rock wall. The fulcrum on the rock wall has many shapes, and there are dozens of common types. The climber should be familiar with the shape of these fulcrums, knowing where to grip the different fulcrums, and how to use force. According to the position and direction of the protrusion (depression) on the fulcrum, there are methods such as squeezing, pinching, pulling, squeezing, gripping, and pushing. But don't stick with it. There can be multiple grasping methods for the same fulcrum. Like a kind of fulcrum where there is a small platform above a circle, the general situation is to put a finger on it and pull down vertically, but in order to make the body close to the rock wall, you can The whole pinch, flat pull. Another example is when sometimes two hands are needed to catch the same pivot point, the first hand can give up the best grip and give it to the back hand to avoid the trouble of changing hands. When grasping the fulcrum, especially when the horizontal force is applied, the position of the arm is to be at the bottom, and the horizontal friction force is increased by the downward pulling force; to fully use the strength of the thumb, try to put the thumb on the fulcrum, for the common horizontal shallow groove The fulcrum can twist the thumb, buckle one side of the belly into the flat slot, or place it on the back of the index finger and the middle finger, which can increase the strength. The strength of the fingers in the climb is very important, and usually can be practiced by means of brace, pull-ups, finger-pulling pull-ups, and pinching heavy objects. Now some foreign experts have been able to reach the level of strength of a single guide. When climbing a longer route, you can choose to easily rest with both hands. In the rest area, there should be no elevation angle or elevation angle, and there should be a large fulcrum point on the hand. When resting, the feet stabilise the fulcrum, and the arms are straightened (it is difficult to get a break during bending). The upper body is backwards, but the waist must be Before the top, so that the lower body close to the rock wall, the weight pressed to the feet, in order to reduce the burden on the arm, do activities, fingers, shake hands and relax, and wipe some magnesium powder to avoid slipping.
Footwork:
To reach a certain level of climbing, you must learn to use your legs and feet. The leg's weight-bearing ability and explosive power are very large, and its endurance is strong. In order to make full use of leg-leg strength, it is necessary to climb. Rock climbing wears special rock-climbing shoes. The soles are made of hard rubber. The forefoot is thicker, the body is made of tough leather, the toes are pointed, and the soles have great friction. Put on this kind of shoes, the foot can step on the fulcrum that is narrow to less than one centimeter wide can support the whole body weight steadily. When buying this kind of shoes, we must pay attention to it, we must not buy big. As long as you can wear it, the big toe is squatted inside and cannot be straightened. The tighter the shoe is, the more stable it is when it is applied. Some players even have to use fast hooks on the back of the shoes to put hard feet into the game. Novices are often too big to buy shoes, and after a while, they will feel that their feet are too loose to step on. Only one foot can touch the fulcrum: the front of the shoe is sharp; the inner edge of the toe (the big toe); the outer edge of the toe (the tip of the four toes) and the heel tip (used mainly for hanging over the roof) Feet), and can only step into the width of a finger or so, not too much, for example, put the entire foot up, in order to make the foot in the case of the load can be left and right rotation movement, the implementation of the foot, swivel and other movements. Changing the foot is a basic technical move that is often used in climbing. It is common for some beginner friends to change their feet when they change their feet and swiftly leap up. The back foot accurately falls on the fulcrum of the forefeet. It looks very neat, but it is actually wrong because it makes the fingers hard on the one hand. Larger, on the other hand, causes physical imbalances, and more importantly, it is not possible to change the foot in this way when the foot is high. The correct method is to ensure stability and not increase the burden on the hand. Take the example of changing from the right foot to the left foot. First, mention the left foot above the right foot and the right foot with the foot on the far right side of the fulcrum as the counterclockwise axis (to the Look down) Turn and empty the left side of the fulcrum. The weight is still on the right foot. The left foot cuts in from above. The foot points out and the right foot has to be pulled out. The weight is shifted to the left foot. The action used to get used to it, just like the oil on the soles of your feet. The right foot slipped out of the fulcrum, and your left foot slipped in at the same time. The weight was always borne by your feet. The hand was only used to adjust the balance. In addition to supporting weight during the climbing process, both feet are also used to maintain body balance. The foot does not always have to step on the fulcrum. Sometimes one leg should be suspended from the air to adjust the position of the body's center of gravity, so that the weight can be transmitted to the other foot stably.
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