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Recently, research teams from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute published their latest research online in the journal PNAS: They treat metastatic brain tumors with oncolytic viruses that reproduce stem cells. This specific therapy can effectively remove metastatic tumor cells in the brain of animals, inhibit the development of tumors, and prolong the life cycle of cancer-bearing mice.
"Using oncolytic virus as a carrier to transport stem cells into the brain through the carotid artery, specifically against metastatic brain tumors" - this is the latest from the research team of Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) and Harvard Stem Cell Institute A pioneering treatment for metastatic brain tumors. They have confirmed in animal models that this strategy can effectively remove metastatic skin cancer cells in the brain, inhibit tumor development, and prolong the survival cycle of cancer-bearing mice.
This innovative treatment uses oncolytic viruses loaded with stem cells to specifically kill dividing tumor cells and can be combined with immunological checkpoint inhibitors to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer therapies. Relevant research results are published online in the journal PNAS.
Metastatic brain tumors are tumors that originate in the lungs, breast, skin, and metastasize to the brain. They are the most common form of brain tumors, and 40% of advanced melanomas are accompanied by intracranial metastases. Currently, there are limited treatments for metastatic brain tumors.
Prof. Khalid Shah, head of stem cell therapy and imaging (CSTI), and the team hope to develop a groundbreaking treatment strategy for multiple metastatic brain tumors. To this end, they constructed different BRAF wild-type and mutant mouse models, and injected brain tumor cells extracted from brain tumor patients into the carotid artery of model mice to form multiple metastatic tumors in the brain, similar to late melanin. The condition of the tumor patient. These injected brain tumor cells are fluorescently labeled to track the development of brain tumors using imaging techniques.
Subsequently, they "recombined" the oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) to load mesenchymal stem cells. The reconstituted oncolytic virus is capable of specifically killing dividing cancer cells and is safe for normal cells.
Previous studies by Professor Khalid Shah's team have shown that stem cells can specifically move to multiple cancer metastatic sites after being injected into the brain. Now, they use a cancer-bearing mouse as a model to inject an oncolytic virus loaded with stem cells into the carotid artery. The results showed that tumor growth in the brain of the mouse was significantly slowed down and the survival time was prolonged. These oncolytic viruses loaded with stem cells are eventually eliminated by their own mediated oncolysis, thereby preventing the virus from staying in the brain for too long, thus ensuring the safety of stem cell therapy.
There is increasing evidence that the patient's immunity is a key factor affecting the efficacy of oncolytic treatment. The Shah team constructed a mouse model of melanoma with normal immunological activity to compare the therapeutic effects of oncolytic viruses loaded with stem cells and immunological checkpoint inhibitors (eg, PD-1/PD-L1). They found that PD-L1 antibodies significantly increased the efficacy of oncolytic treatment.
“Now, we are using animal models to study the efficacy of this new treatment for other metastatic cancers. We hope that this discovery can help solve current clinical problems,†said Professor Khalid Shah.
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