Analysis and evaluation of energy utilization of gas heat pump and other heating and air conditioning systems 1 Yang Zhao, Zhang Shigang, Liu Bin, Ma! Tai (Tianjin University Thermal Energy Institute, Tianjin 3072) has advantages in energy efficiency and environmental pollution reduction. The results show that the primary energy utilization rate of the gas engine heat pump is the highest, and the annual energy consumption per unit area is the lowest, while the annual energy consumption per unit area and the total annual cost per unit area are second only to the coal-fired boiler and chiller scheme. The article further proposes that the system energy consumption pollution control fee should be collected according to the treatment technology and process conditions (including the pollution control situation when the energy source is produced), and the impact of the cost indicator on the economics of the device should be analyzed. It is concluded that when the coal energy pollution control fee is greater than 0. 344 yuan / kg, the total annual cost per unit area of ​​the gas heat pump will be lower than all other programs.
1 Comparison of primary energy utilization of various heating systems Compressed gas heat pump system using natural gas as energy is a combined cycle system that realizes efficient reverse circulation through a high-efficiency natural gas engine positive cycle driven compressor, in which reverse cycle can recover positive cycle engine cooling and Exhaust waste heat, and can make full use of industrial waste heat, solar energy, geothermal energy and low-temperature heat stored in the natural environment. It has obvious advantages in terms of primary energy utilization (see, 2).
*—The secondary energy is supplied to the heat energy of the gas engine. This paper introduces the concept of gas engine waste heat recovery rate. a is defined as the ratio of the recovered waste heat of the gas engine to the total waste heat of the gas engine. Bei is the ratio of heat supply to gas heat pump).
Coal-fired, gas-fired boilers and direct-fired absorption type::£RB=n() Electric heat pump::ERe=heat pump heat supply/heat pump power consumption is equivalent to primary energy quantity gas boiler thermal efficiency.
If the power supply efficiency is 30. 4%% of the gas engine's own thermal efficiency 30% electric heat pump COP3.4 gas engine heat pump COP3.6 coal-fired boiler efficiency 70% gas boiler efficiency and direct combustion absorption heating efficiency 85% direct combustion absorption The refrigeration coefficient is 0.98, the efficiency of electric boiler is 98%, and the waste heat recovery rate of gas engine is 60%2. It can be obtained: Table 1 Comparison of primary energy utilization rate of different heating methods. Comparison of coal-fired gas + electric direct-fired electric boiler boiler boiler heat pump absorption type 1.2 Unit fuel heating ratio and annual unit area heating energy consumption According to the calorific value of energy, the unit fuel supply heat of different heating modes and their ratio can be calculated. The results are shown in Table 2. It can be seen that the heat supply of the electric boiler under the same coal consumption is only 43% of that of the coal-fired boiler; under the same gas consumption, the heat supply of the gas heat pump is 1.76 times that of the gas boiler; in the six schemes, The gas heat pump has the lowest energy consumption per unit area per year, followed by an electric heat pump with the highest electric boiler.
Table 2 Unit fuel heating ratio and annual unit area Heating energy consumption Heating mode Unit fuel supply heat (electricity per kWh) Unit fuel heating ratio Annual unit area Heating coal consumption / kg Standard coal-fired boiler electric boiler Electric heat pump gas boiler or absorption gas heat pump - the use of 70 85298103485 depending on the economics of different heating and air conditioning methods and 4574477214 and the direct ratio to investigate the economics of different heating and air conditioning methods, this article compares the combustion ratio of coal Technical and economic analysis of heating and air conditioning schemes for six types of boilers, such as boilers, air conditioners, gas boilers, air conditioners, electric boilers, air conditioners, electric heat pumps, direct-fired absorption units, and gas heat pumps.
21 years of energy consumption per unit area According to the above-mentioned equipment performance and other conditions, taking the air-conditioning system of office buildings in central China as an example, the winter heat load is 70W/m2, and the summer cold load is 110W/m2. China's coal quality is high-ash, High-sulfur coal is the mainstay, and the cost of treating its flue gas will be greater. Before the natural gas enters the city, it has undergone pretreatment processes such as desulfurization and purification. The complexity of the process is much less than that of coal combustion. The treatment cost is small and has been included in the gas price. Therefore, we no longer consider its precaution here. Processing costs. Natural gas combustion also produces environmental pollution, but it is less polluted than coal. According to the comprehensive pollution index, the pollutant emissions after burning 1 ton of coal are 89 ~ 1701 times that of natural gas. Increasing the energy efficiency of the installation actually reduces the degree of environmental pollution and the cost of treatment directly or indirectly, so any solution should be economically considered from the source of the environmental treatment costs required to produce or use the energy. For different heating and air conditioning schemes, coal-fired and power-consuming devices can be attributed to the combustion pollution control of coal, and in principle, gas-fired installations should consider the combustion pollution control of gas.
In view of the above reasons, in order to improve the economics of energy-saving and environmentally friendly products, this paper believes that energy consumption pollution control fees should be collected according to the treatment technology and process conditions (including pollution control conditions when producing the energy).
It is assumed that the power plant adopts coal-fired power generation, and the definition of coal-fired or power-consuming devices (such as coal, electric boilers, and refrigeration heat pumps) consumes 1kg of standard coal per direct consumption or electricity consumption, and collects pollution control fee Y yuan/kg. According to the previous analysis, compared with coal, the gas pollution treatment cost of gas or gas devices (such as gas boilers, direct-fired absorption chillers and gas heat pump devices) can be neglected.
The pollution control fee is included in the total heat supply of the single-unit heating air conditioner, and the above example is still used for calculation, so that the relationship between the total cost per unit area and Y can be obtained as shown. It can be seen that when the energy consumption pollution control fee of coal is greater than 0. 344 yuan, the total annual cost per unit area of ​​gas heat pump will be lower than that of coal-fired boiler + air conditioner and all other schemes; + The total cost of air conditioning will increase rapidly. If the pollution control fee of 0. 344 yuan is charged for each direct consumption or electricity consumption of 1kg of standard coal, the total annual unit area cost of the above example is readjusted. The results are shown in Table 5.
Heating and air conditioning coal stove + gas stove + electric furnace + electric hot direct combustion gas scheme air conditioning air conditioning air pump absorption heat pump annual unit area energy consumption pollution adjusted annual unit surface absorption type hot and cold water unit because it ignores the natural gas pollution control fee, so Its unit area pollution control fee is the lowest.
3 Conclusion The gas heat pump heating and air conditioning system has a high primary energy utilization rate, and the energy for heating is 1.5 times of the fuel energy. Compared with coal-fired and gas-fired boilers, the primary energy utilization rate of heating can be increased by 110%. And more than 75%.
The annual heat consumption per unit area of ​​gas heat pump is the lowest. Under the same gas consumption, the heat supply of gas heat pump is the gas boiler. 1. Under the current energy price and other conditions, the year of China's gas heat pump heating and air conditioning scheme The energy consumption per unit area is about 1.5 times that of coal-fired boilers and air conditioners, about 66% of direct-fired absorption type hot and cold water units, while the annual energy consumption per unit area of ​​electric boilers and air conditioners is about coal. 5 times the boiler and air conditioner.
Under the current energy price and other conditions, the total annual cost per unit area of ​​coal-fired boilers and chillers is the lowest, followed by gas heat pumps, electric hot and cold water units, gas boilers and chillers, and direct-fired absorption chillers. The annual cost per unit area of ​​the electric boiler and the chiller is the highest, and the total annual cost per unit area of ​​the gas heat pump is about 76% of the direct-fired absorption type hot and cold water unit.
If the annual heating and air-conditioning cost per unit area is included in the energy consumption pollution control fee, then when the coal energy consumption pollution control fee is greater than 0 344 yuan, the total annual cost per unit area of ​​the gas heat pump will be lower than that of the coal-fired boiler and air conditioner and all Other programs.
In order to improve the economics of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly products, energy consumption pollution control fees should be levied according to the treatment technology and process conditions (including pollution control when the energy is produced), and energy-saving and environmentally-friendly products should be supported in terms of product sales tax.
China Power Information Center* Application in the 1998 Power Industry Statistics (No. 5). Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 1989.74-78 Chen Peilin et al. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technical Manual. Beijing: Science Press, Li Yutian. Improving China's Atmospheric Environment to Accelerate the Development and Utilization of Natural Gas Resources Fund Project: National Natural Science Foundation of China (598 76027); Tianjin Natural Science Foundation Key Project (993803211); Ministry of Education, Higher Education, Zhongqing 1994-201 (Key Teacher Funding Me)
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