"3S" system and technology and its application in ecological environment protection

1 Overview System), GPS (Global Positioning System) based new integrated technology. RS refers to a method that can collect information and analyze, interpret and classify it directly by means of related targets or phenomena; GPS has the function of directly positioning remote sensing images in the air independent of ground control points; GIS is space A specialized data management system for the acquisition, storage, retrieval, analysis and display of data. 3S technology has been widely used in agriculture, forestry, geology, geography, oceanography, hydrology, meteorology, environmental monitoring, exploration of Earth resources and military reconnaissance.

In June 1999, Secretary Jiang sent a mobilization order to the whole party and the people of the whole country in Xi'an. Due to the poor natural ecological conditions in the western part of China and the serious human-induced damage, the problem of the development of the western region is first of all to protect and restore the ecological environment, followed by rational development and utilization.

In the development of the western region, the protection of the ecological environment has become the top priority, and it has become the premise and the most important goal of the western development. It is an important guarantee for the realization of the goal of "reproducing the northwest of beautiful mountains and rivers" proposed by General Secretary Jiang. The ecological environment problems in western China are very extensive, mainly including deterioration of living environment, reduction of vegetation coverage, reduction of biodiversity, soil degradation (including desertification, salinization and i; soil erosion), and land use decline. Due to the far-reaching nature of the ecological environment in the west, the spatial prolongation and the comprehensiveness, regionality and complexity of the impact, the traditional research methods are used in the data collection, dynamic tracking and information processing analysis. To a big obstacle. But by means of 3S system technology, namely advanced remote sensing (ES) technology, complemented by the precise positioning of the global positioning system (gps) and geographical information, the integrated data capability of a system (GIS) can make a large area of ​​the ecosystem. , dynamic, time-space integration research. At the same time, it plays a decision-making role in the dynamic monitoring and detection of various elements of the ecosystem and the restoration of the ecological environment system. It is foreseeable that 3S technology will play a huge role in the protection of the ecological environment in the west.

Functions and Functions of 23S System Technology 2.1 Geographic Information System (GIS) Geographic Information System (GIS) is a cross-science between earth science and information science. It is a new type of technology science that has developed rapidly in the past 20 years. . Based on the geospatial database, it collects, manages, analyzes, simulates and displays spatially related data, and uses geographic model sub-methods to provide timely and diverse spatial and dynamic geographic information for geographic research and geographic decision-making. GIS combines geospatial spatial data with computer technology to generate useful information on resources, environment, regional planning, management decisions, and disaster prevention through system establishment, operation, and model analysis. GIS can be divided into three categories according to its content: thematic information system: a geographic information system with limited objectives and professional characteristics, serving specific specific purposes, such as water resources management information system, mineral resource information system, crop estimation information system, Grassland resource management information system, soil erosion information system and environmental management information system. Regional Geographic Information System: Targeting comprehensive regional research and comprehensive information services, it can be divided by administrative, natural and watershed. Such as the Canadian National Information System, the US Oak Forest Regional Information System and the China Yellow River Basin Information System. GIS tools: It is a set of software packages that have the basic functions of GIS, such as graphic image digitization, storage management, query retrieval, analysis operations, and multiple outputs. For example, the ARC/INFO system developed by the American Institute of Environmental Systems, the MAP system of the Yale School of Forest and Environmental Research, and the Spaceman Geographic Information System tool developed by Peking University.

Remote Sensing (RS) Remote Sensing (RS) is an emerging comprehensive detection technology that flourished in the 1960s. It does not directly rely on related targets or phenomena. Aircraft ranging from a few kilometers to hundreds of kilometers or even thousands of kilometers. On the spacecraft or on the satellite, optical or electronic optical instruments (called remote sensors) are used to receive electromagnetic wave signals reflected or emitted by ground objects, recorded in the form of image film or data tape, transmitted to the ground, processed through information, and interpreted. Field corrections in the field, ultimately serving resource exploration, environmental dynamic monitoring and planning decisions. The whole process of receiving, transmitting, processing, analyzing and applying remote sensing information is usually called remote sensing technology. The implementation of any remote sensing task consists of three basic links: data acquisition, useful information extraction and remote sensing application. Its main features are large detection range, fast data acquisition, short cycle, limited ground conditions, many means, and a large amount of information. The application of remote sensing mainly includes different levels of survey mapping, dynamic monitoring, forecasting and planning management of an object or process. Practice has proved that the application of modern remote sensing technology in the investigation, monitoring and evaluation of earth resources, environment and natural disasters has many advantages that cannot be replaced by other technologies, such as macro, fast, accurate, intuitive, dynamic and adaptable.

2.3 Global Positioning System (GPS) GPS uses multiple artificial earth satellites to directly locate remote sensing images in the air, so that the exact position of the detection target can be accurately determined, and the timely displacement changes of the detection target can be studied to further develop the remote sensing technology. Practical application. Due to the complexity of GPS technology and high cost of use, it is currently used in military reconnaissance.

2.43S combined application GIS and ES are two mutually independent technical fields. With the continuous development and self-development of their application fields, from qualitative to quantitative, from static to dynamic, from the description of the status quo to the continuous development of forecasting and forecasting, the combination of the two is becoming more and more profound. First of all, GIS requires the storage of a large amount of relevant data, which is mainly established through digital maps. Users cannot directly access the original data and information. Secondly, GIS keeps the system dynamic and current, and requires it to update the system in time. The data. As a powerful means of acquiring and updating spatial data, EP can provide accurate, comprehensive and wide-ranging dynamic monitoring data of various resources and environments in a timely manner. Therefore, the combination of GIS and ES can ensure that GIS has an efficient and stable information source, and can timely process, scientifically manage and comprehensively analyze remote sensing information to achieve monitoring and prediction purposes. GIS, ES combined with GPS positioning function is more conducive to the quantitative research of ecological environmental protection.

Application of 33S system technology in ecological environment protection 3.1 Application in environmental impact assessment An important task of ecological environmental protection work is to evaluate the environmental impact of human activities. Environmental impact assessment requires spatial evaluation and comprehensive analysis of various factors in the ecology of the atmosphere, soil and water, biology, and noise, and provides a large number of graphics. Environmental impact is a combination of various environmental factors. It is the accumulation of time and space in the past, present and predictable future. This is the advantage of GIS. GIS can be used in multi-factor comprehensive evaluation (using Overlay technology), pollutant digital concentration model generation, landscape visual effect analysis, and evaluation pattern generation in environmental impact assessment. The combination of GIS and ES technology can also generate different land use type maps, such as water distribution in a certain area, agricultural land, urban land and natural vegetation distribution maps, etc., which can be used for regional environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental impact assessment (SEA). When studying the relationship between aquatic community wetlands and water quality in a certain urban area, ohnston et al. proposed a method for cumulative environmental impact. This method uses GIS technology to establish a model of aquatic community location and water quality, and finds indicators of the impact of wetland loss on water quality, and concludes that “wetland boundary, type and location have a great impact on downstream water quality”.

3.2 Application in Vegetation Research in Ecosystems ES technology can monitor soil vegetation by using different remote sensors, and through the more developed cities (down to page 30), issue documents through government intervention, and stipulate water pipes. Do not use galvanized steel pipes. Instead, it is a new type of pipe such as Sheung Shui plastic pipe, copper pipe, composite pipe, etc., and has achieved good results. The replacement of galvanized steel pipes by new pipes is a trend to reduce secondary pollution. If the economy does not allow, at least each household's water pipe should use new pipes.

The prevention and control measures for water pollution in water tanks and pools will be divided into community life and fire water pools, and management will be strengthened to test the amount of chlorine. Add sterile water purification equipment if economic conditions permit. The strong oxidizing agents such as CL02, CL2, 03, H202 produced by electrolysis have strong bactericidal ability. In particular, CL02 can adsorb and penetrate cell walls well, and effectively oxidize the enzymes in the cell.

(First: Cai Guang, female, engineer, engaged in water supply and drainage design.) The killing effect on E. coli is also obvious. Although the disinfection purifier can better combine the advantages of the above gas, it can play a secondary disinfection role, but it does not play a role in the treatment of turbidity. Therefore, as a secondary water supply pool, the water tank should be cleaned regularly and drained regularly. Users should strengthen their self-care awareness and configure a household water purifier to filter turbidity in water.

The material of the water tank used to be a steel water tank. Cut and welded on site. Used after antiseptic treatment. Because the steel plate is subjected to hot cutting, welding and other processes, the protective layer is destroyed and easily oxidized and corroded, so the impact on water quality is very large. The assembled water tank is better to avoid this part, and its material is hot-dip galvanized steel, stainless steel or glass steel. In the construction, only the sealing strip is used to dock the plates, and the screws can be tightened. The water quality is better than that of ordinary steel plates.

(Continued from page 16) The comprehensive analysis of GIS can monitor and analyze the vegetation evolution in a region, understand the dynamics of vegetation evolution, and provide services for decision-making. At present, the main application contents are: vegetation identification, plant season rhythm research, vegetation type research, plant degradation succession research, plant biomass research and so on. The study of vegetation by ES and GIS can be used for the study of degraded ecosystems, the study of wetland ecosystems and the study of forest ecosystems.

Studies on soils in ecosystems 3S ​​studies of soils in ecosystems include soil moisture studies, soil fills, land type fills, soil desertification, salinization, and soil erosion studies. For example, Wang Ranghui of the Xinjiang Institute of Desert Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, through the application of multi-temporal, multi-band and multi-platform remote sensing information, compiled a desertification type map of different ages in the Arakan region on the basis of field research, and made a desertification dynamic map using ARC/INFO software. Through the quantitative data of resources and environment provided by GIS, the application of system theory, information theory and cybernetic perspective analysis of desertification succession process in Arakan region, predicting the development trend of desertification. For example, China's relevant experts used ES technology to dynamically monitor soil erosion in Xingguo County, analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion, the dynamic change of the lost area, the dynamic change of erosion amount, the transformation of soil erosion type, and the evaluation of soil erosion. overall benefit.

3.4 Research on Environmental Management and Urban Planning GIS is used for urban planning to achieve specific requirements for data survey and evaluation, prediction, functional zoning, planning and production of decision-making and mapping, etc. in urban environmental planning. Realize basic environmental database system, environmental pollution model and regional pollution map, and environmental data transmission. In addition, the Chinese Academy of Sciences GIS also uses ES for the accumulation identification of municipal solid waste.

4 Conclusion General Secretary Jiang’s mobilization order for the development of the western region provides an opportunity for the development of the northwest, especially the protection of the ecological environment, and also opens up new research topics for environmental researchers. The complexity of ecological environmental protection requires us to constantly learn and master the application of modern high-tech means. The 3S technology system is an emerging cross-technical science developed in recent years. The use of 3S technology has great advantages in the protection and management of the western ecological environment. It also requires environmental workers to do a lot of work to apply it to the ecological environment. Protected. (: Zhang Jinglin, graduated from Northwest Agricultural University in 1995 with a master's degree in agricultural ecology. Now Shaanxi Environmental Science and Design Institute is engaged in consulting work on clean production and environmental management system certification.)

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