Among the many nonwoven fabric processing technologies, spunbond is a young and promising new technology. Compared with traditional non-woven fabric processing technology (such as dry process), it has the advantages of advanced technology, short process, low cost, easy availability of raw materials, excellent product performance and wide range of uses. Secondly, due to the large amount of application of polypropylene (or polyester) as a raw material, its advantages in terms of chip price, processing process, production cost, etc. also greatly promoted the development of the spunbond industry; in addition, spunbond nonwovens Cloth products have excellent mechanical properties, their isotropy, tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength and other indicators are better than dry, wet, and melt-blown nonwoven fabrics, so they can meet the needs of products for multiple purposes. Greatly expanded the traditional application of non-woven fabrics.
1 Industry background of spunbond nonwovens
The key to spunbond technology is spinning, drawing, web laying and netting speed. From this perspective, spunbond is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, integrated chemical, plastic, paper, chemical fiber, aviation and other industries.性 技术。 Sexual technology. From the perspective of the industry's attribution, spunbond nonwovens, although they belong to a branch of the textile industry, have become a relatively independent and most energetic production industry; at the same time, because spunbond nonwovens use petrochemical polymers ( (Polypropylene slices or polyester slices) emerging materials made directly by the netting method. Therefore, it is also closely related to the petrochemical industry and the emerging material industry.
2 Production and consumption of spunbond nonwoven fabrics
2.1 International production status
Since Dupont Corporation of the United States first industrialized the production technology of spunbond nonwovens in the late 1950s, countries around the world have begun to produce one after another. Especially in the past 20 years, its development has become more remarkable and improved. By 2000, the world's total output of nonwovens had exceeded 3 million tons.
The development of the nonwovens industry in the United States, Western Europe and Japan represents the mainstream of the world's nonwovens, and the output of the three accounts for about 85% of the world's total nonwovens production. Asia, South America and other regions have developed the fastest in the past 10 years. Although the output is low, the annual growth rate is as high as 10% to 15%.
The United States is the country with the earliest development of nonwovens and the largest output, and has always been in a leading position in the world. Its output grows at a rate of 7% per year, accounting for more than half of the world's nonwoven production. By 1998, its output exceeded 900,000 tons, still ranking first in the world. Among them, melt-spun non-woven fabrics (referring to polymer extrusion methods such as spunbond and melt-blown methods) have developed the most rapidly, and their output has exceeded dry non-woven fabrics, accounting for 54%.
The European nonwovens industry developed slowly before 1970, and developed rapidly after 1970. The current output has reached about 800,000 tons. The technology used is mainly dry method and spunbond method, and dry method output accounts for about 49.1%. The spunbond method accounts for 41%. The Western European nonwovens industry has grown rapidly in recent years, with the spunbond method being more obvious.
Japan began to develop the nonwoven industry in 1959. The output in 1985 was about 100,000 tons, of which the dry method accounted for about 70% and the spunbond method accounted for about 22%. In 1994, its nonwoven production was 198,200 tons. It was 272,300 tons, reaching 296,900 tons in 1997, and the current output has exceeded 300,000 tons.
2.2 State of international consumption
The United States is the largest consumer of non-woven fabrics, with consumption accounting for about 60% of the world's total consumption, and per capita annual consumption above 3kg. The growing demand for nonwovens in the United States has promoted the rapid development of nonwovens. In various applications of non-woven fabrics in the United States, the main markets for disposables are industrial wipes and medical and hygienic materials; the main markets for durable types are industrial uses, home decoration, carpet backing and geotextiles. The dry and wet processes of Western European nonwoven fabrics are based on thin products, and the spunbond processes are based on medium and thick products. Among them, mainly sanitary cladding materials, accounting for 25%. Secondly, the fastest growing ones are geotextiles and construction materials. The proportion was only 17.9% in 1982. By 1989, it had increased to 21%, and the output had increased by 1.2 times. The third place is furniture and household goods, accounting for 11%. Once again, rags accounted for 9%, filter materials accounted for 6%, lining cloth and coating materials each accounted for 5%. The proportion of other uses is small and is in the development stage.
Compared with the United States and Western Europe, Japan's nonwovens factories are smaller in scale, and the per capita consumption is also far from the United States. Unlike the United States and Western Europe, the amount of non-woven fabrics used in sanitary cladding in Japan is relatively small, mainly used in automobiles, carpet backing, filtration, etc., and its consumption accounts for about 70%. In recent years, medical and health supplies have increased rapidly.
If calculated by value, the world's consumption of non-woven fabrics in order from high to low is: industry, medical, household, construction, ecology, packaging, clothing, geotechnical, transportation, protection, farmland and sports.
2.3 Production situation in my country
China's spunbond technology started late, more than 25 years later than the international spunbond formation of industrial production. In 1986, the first production line was introduced from Germany. By 1989, only three 1000t / a spunbond lines were put into production in China. With a total production capacity of 3000t / a, the annual output only accounts for 3% of the national total nonwovens output.
In recent years, China's nonwovens industry has developed rapidly. At present, there are more than 600 domestic production enterprises, more than 1,000 production lines, and production capacity of 600,000 tons. In 2000, the total output of nonwovens was 380,000 to 400,000 tons. In particular, the capacity and output of spunbond nonwoven fabrics have grown rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of more than 25%. As of the end of August 2000, there have been 48 spunbond factories in operation and under construction across the country. There are 65 spunbond production lines of various brands at home and abroad, and the localization of equipment is 41.5%. The total production capacity reaches 208,200 tons. Six of the 65 production lines are polyester spunbond production lines with an annual production capacity of 17,000 t, and the remaining thin spunbond production lines.
At present, the main manufacturers of spunbond production lines in China are shown in Table 1.
In the most recent year, nonwoven fabric factories in China have signed six imported spunbond production lines with foreign countries, one of which has been installed in Dalian Ruiguang Nonwoven Co.
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