In most cases, the best way to treat cancer is to surgically remove the tumor. However, the weak link in this approach is that the surgeon may not be able to remove the entire tumor, which can lead to local recurrence.
This method relies on an injectable dye that is able to accumulate more in tumor tissue than normal tissue. When a doctor illuminates a tumor with infrared light, it illuminates, allowing the surgeon to remove the entire tumor.
Holt said: "During the surgery, doctors use their eyes and hands to find where the tumor is. This technique provides surgeons with another tool to brighten the tumor during surgery."
Among patients who underwent surgery, 20% to 50% died of local recurrence of the tumor, indicating that the doctor failed to remove all diseased tissue from the cancerous site. During the surgery, it is difficult to determine the edge of the tumor, and surgeons often have to do this by observing the tumor and feeling the difference with the fingers.
To find an alternative, Holt, Singhal and colleagues turned to near-infrared (NIR) imaging. They chose to test the FDA-approved unique NIR contrast agent, a dye called phthalocyanine green (ICG), which emits a bright green color under NIR light. ICG accumulates more in tumor tissue than normal tissue because the tumor's blood vessels have so-called "leak" walls due to rapid growth.
Singhal said: "Since ICG was first approved by the FDA in 1958, it has been used to test tissue perfusion and clearance studies. However, our team has been experimenting with new strategies to solve a classic problem in oncology surgery with ICG: prevention Local recurrence. Our work gives a new way of using an old dye."
Holt said: "This method works, and the tumor shows enough fluorescence to allow the surgeon to quickly identify the tumor during the procedure. Because this method works in a spontaneous large animal model, we can get approval, Start trying to use it in humans."
Human clinical trials are the last step. Five patients with cancer in the lungs or chest participated in a pilot study at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital. Each patient received an ICG injection prior to surgery. During the procedure, the surgeon removes the tumor and then images the tumor with NIR and performs a biopsy.
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