Life is movement. We reached out to pat the mosquitoes, and the latter flexibly avoided the hand of death. What happened? Who controls our hand movements and who rescues the mosquitoes? The answer is molecular motors, hand muscles, and nanoscale protein machines in the mosquito wings. We need these motors to shoot mosquitoes, blink, walk, eat, drink ... and do everything you can imagine. Just as we reached out to pat the mosquitoes, millions of molecular motors in the muscles were collaborating precisely.
Many cellular processes require multiple motor proteins to produce greater force together, so it is important to understand how motor proteins produce synergy. Previously, little was known about the mechanism, the research team led by Dr. Roop Mallik of the TIFR Tata Institute of India recently realized single-molecule optical capture in the cell, and quantified the amount generated when the motor protein team drives a single phagosome power. The research was published in the latest issue of Cell.
Interestingly, powerful kinesins cannot work synergistically, while weaker and easily disintegrated dyneins can work together to produce great power. Studies have shown that when faced with higher loads, the dynein delivery team binds to microtubules, and kinesin dissolves quickly.
Why did nature make such an unreasonable choice to make the weak motor protein assume such a heavy responsibility in many biological processes? The researchers found that because each dynein can change its gear, a team of dynein can share a lot of load. Because of this, compared with other powerful motor proteins without transmission devices, the Dynein team is more effective.
The researchers focused the laser beam on the inside of the mouse cells to trap the individual phagosomes driven by motor proteins in the cells. At this time, these motor proteins would do their utmost to drag the material out of the "laser trap". The researchers observed the process by which four dyneins worked together to drag the phagosome out of the laser trap.
Mallik said: "Every dynein has the special ability to change gears, just like driving uphill to change gears. In the dynein carrying squad, each protein will be adjusted according to the required pulling force. Cooperation. In this form, dynein can share their load evenly, thus effectively generating more power. It is worth noting that kinesin is more powerful than dynein, but a team composed of kinesin cannot produce that much force. , The reason is that kinesin has no gear. "
It seems that before humans created Ferrari and Lamborghini, nature had long learned to build nano-scale motors with transmission devices. (Bioon.com)
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