I. In recent years, the varieties of the PS version have been issued with the development of the CTP technology, and the existing PS version is now classified as a simple one.
According to the printing film used for film: positive PS version, negative PS version, yin and yang dual-use PS version of the light source used by exposure: UV sensitized plate, thermal sensitive photosensitive plate, thermal ablation photographic plate, infrared sensitized plate, Electrostatic transfer sexy light version
According to the mode of plate making: traditional printing plate, computer direct plate making CTP, CTcP, inkjet plate making according to printing requirements: proofing PS version, low printing number PS version (press number under 50,000 printing), medium printing number PS version (The number of prints is between 5-10 million prints), the PS version of the high-resistance printing capacity (more than 100,000 proofs of India Force), and the small-spun offset PS version are based on the material of the plate base material: aluminum base, polyester/polyester base (polyester) , paper base, composite base
According to printing methods: traditional PS version, anhydrous PS version
According to the photosensitive layer performance points: photodecomposition type PS plate, light complex type PS type, photopolymerization type PS plate, press exposure energy, silver halide film μJ/cm2, complex silver salt version μJ/cm2, high sensitivity purple spurious version Number 10μJ/cm2, violet laser version number 10μJ/cm2, high-sensitivity photosensitive resin plate 100～200μJ/cm2, thermal plate 150mJ/cm2, conventional PS plate 200～400mJ/cm2
Second, China's Domestic Profile
According to statistics, during the 17 years from 1982 to 1999, China's PS version of the manufacturing industry increased at an average annual rate of 18%. In 2000, the total output of the PS version in China reached more than 45 million square meters, which is equivalent to 1/8î“1/10 of the total output of the world PS.
According to foreign data reports, from 1991 to 1998, the average growth rate of the PS edition of the world in the world was 16%. In 1999, the total output value of the world PS edition reached 32 billion US dollars.
By the year 2000, China has formed a professional PS-version manufacturing factory headed by the second film factory of the Chinese Lekai Reserve Group and the China Academy of Printing Science and Technology, in which the total output of the PS version of the second rubber has reached the total output of the national PS version. 1/4 to 1/3 or so.
Since 1998, the world PS version has undergone major changes. Taking Polaroid Light as an example, its output reached 18 million square meters, when its traditional PS version was only equivalent to 80% of its total output, while the other 20% of production was a thermal plate. According to reports, the production of its thermal version is equivalent to 5% of the US usage. This change is related to the digitalization process in the printing industry. The desktop color publishing system in the 1990s has achieved considerable development in developed countries. In 1995, at the beginning of the promotion of CTP technology (Computer to plate), due to its immature laser light source technology, infrared, visible laser, thermal and ultraviolet CVT plates coexist. Even so, the CTP technology still has a strong advantage, such as concentration of exposure energy, automatic control by the computer, and accurate exposure positioning, etc., occupying an increasingly large market share in the PS version field. By the year 2000, the world's largest printing exhibition, the Ruba exhibition, 3,500 CTP systems have been in operation worldwide. In the developed countries, the production of CTP plates has accounted for about 1/3 of the total PS plate production.
CTP technology is an inevitable process of digitization in the printing industry. With the development of computers and laser technologies, traditional laser image-setters can be improved into CTPs, and direct-to-print plates can be realized from computers, eliminating the need for intermediate films. The key here is the two aspects of the laser light source and the minimum photoreceptive energy needed for the PS version body. Since 1995, laser technology has made great progress. The CTP system produced abroad can completely carry different types of laser light sources as required to meet the needs of users. For example, companies such as AGFA, Dainippon, and Barco have introduced a variety of light sources suitable for different media. For laser light sources, stability, reliability, ease of system integration, long life, and increased laser power are the most important. In 2000, a new type of UV laser light source appeared on the market. It was developed by a Japanese company. According to reports, the life of the laser light source has reached thousands of hours, and it is also relatively mature in technology. When this light source was launched in 2000, it had a tremendous effect. It is understood that almost all foreign CTP manufacturers have adopted such light sources on their own devices. Increasing the sensitivity of the PS version has also become the key to the development of the current PS version. At present, the imaging exposure of the CTP plate in the market is mostly less than 100mJ/cm2, and many high-sensitivity CTP plates have reached the μJ/cm2 level. Generally, the imaging exposure of the traditional PS plate in China is more than 300mJ/cm2.
Compared with developed countries, China's PS version has a large gap in performance and variety. In 2000, more than 98% of the total output of the PS version in China was the traditional PS version (level products in the 1970s). Although the annual consumption of CTP plates has reached more than 5 million square meters due to the technological progress of the newspaper industry, due to the lack of corresponding incentives and mechanisms for the development of new products in China, it is impossible to manufacture plates that are compatible with foreign CTPs and lose their basics. This market. From the perspective of the traditional PS version, in order to meet the need for high-quality printing, the PS version of foreign countries has grown toward high performance, mainly in three aspects: high resolution, due to the high speed of computing technology. At present, 1500 lines/inch cable can be produced, usually 175 lines/inch in China. The purpose of improving high-precision screening is to improve resolution, reduce moire, and increase saturation and sharpness. At present, the mainstream of high-precision printing in foreign countries is 400 lines per inch. This imposes higher requirements on the grain and resolution of photosensitive materials; For the newspaper industry, the number of prints in one edition is often as high as 200,000 prints or even 500,000 or more. The current general domestic print strength is less than 100,000; the direction of high sensitivity will promote the conversion of traditional PS to CTP media. . With the advent of special CTcP technology, the traditional PS version can be used for CTP output. This is undoubtedly a boon for the traditional PS version. By the year 2000, in terms of production capacity, China has entered the world's largest producer of PS plates, with an annual output of more than 1/10 of the world's total output, and an output value of 1.5 billion yuan, initially forming a number of domestic PS plate production bases. Basically meet the needs of the domestic market. However, we must soberly realize that China's accession to the WTO in 2001 was a foregone conclusion. All PS countries in the world are optimistic about China's big market. At present, various protection policies formulated at home can no longer protect existing PS versions. In the market, if China's PS version of the manufacturing industry wants to maintain the existing domestic market, it will only improve its own quality. The first is to change the miniaturization of production. At present, the largest PS plate production base in China is Henan Dijiao, with an annual production capacity of over 10 million square meters, but compared with developed countries, there are still many gaps in scale and management level, especially production technology. Together with the Starlight and the Torchlight, the annual output of the top three PS manufacturers in China has reached 50% of the total domestic output, accounting for half of the country's total. The inevitable result of miniaturization is decentralization. Domestic production of 45 million square meters is completed by about 30 large and small enterprises. The average annual production capacity is mostly below 1.2 million square meters. From the business point of view, most companies do not achieve the scale effect, and almost none of the profit development space of the enterprise itself has created a vicious cycle of backward technology, backward equipment, and small scale. From the point of view of environmental protection, all domestic companies that are harmful to the environment are ordered to cancel or transfer them, and the environmental pollution in their production and use is strictly limited. Due to backward technology, on the one hand, the domestic environment pollution in the production process cannot be improved as quickly as possible, and at the same time, the pollution during product use is beyond control. The State Economic and Trade Commission has already taken note of this issue and is amending the statistical content of traditional GDP (gross national product). Blindly pursuing economic growth and ignoring the environment are problems that have occurred in many countries in the past. The price is too high. When the pollution is rectified and the environment is rectified, the price paid then far exceeds the benefits.
In the next five years, the digital development of the international printing industry is a foregone conclusion, and China must accelerate the digitalization of the PS version of the manufacturing industry. The relevant experts in the printing industry pointed out that since the 1990s, the world printing industry has basically reached a stage every five years: in the early 1990s, the most notable was the desktop publishing system, and soon the color desktop system was introduced: in 1995, Digital printing and Computer To Plate (CTP) technologies have emerged; by the year 2000, digital integrated workflows and cross-media technologies were introduced at the largest international exhibition in the world's printing industry. In short, digitalization and its more in-depth development have become the inevitable direction for the future development of the printing industry. We believe that China's PS plate manufacturing industry, which has grown up and grew up in the market economy, will certainly be able to meet the challenges, continue to grow, accelerate the digitalization process, and become an excellent industry that can compete with foreign developed countries in China's printing industry.
Third, the most common introduction to CTP plates
Silver Salt Edition
The CTP plate made of silver salt is the most active one of the plates in direct plate making. The first is to apply a layer of silver salt photosensitive layer on the diazonium salt layer of the current PS plate. The laser exposure → silver salt development → comprehensive The UV exposure → diazonium salt development process finally results in a plate that can be printed on a single machine, with the same printability as the current PS plate. However, due to the more complex development process, it affects its further application. In recent years, a silver salt CTP plate has been developed for direct silver salt coating that requires two exposures for secondary development in two days, thereby greatly improving the application of the CTP silver salt plate.
Thermal plate
The thermal imaging layer is composed of a thermosensitive resin and an infrared beam material and is named for its use in the visible light region of the exposure. In the 1980s, the infrared laser light source has been relatively mature, and the temperature of the heat-sensitive light source is usually between 800-1080. The heat-sensitive coating can absorb infrared heat energy and transfer the heat-responsive resin to cause cross-linking or decomposition reaction, thereby forming positive and negative images on the plate.
In recent years, the thermal CTP plate has developed rapidly. It is favored by excellent imaging performance and excellent operating performance that are unmatched by other plates. At the same time, lasers that are also associated with them are closely linked in terms of technological maturity (high power, high stability, and acceptable price) and the widespread use of multi-beam scanning technology. It can be said that this status quo indicates a development trend of today's CTPlate technology.
In principle, thermal imaging is a low-sensitivity imaging system. Generally, the minimum imaging energy is in the range of 102-103mJ/cm2. Sensitivity is tens of millions to one millionth of the sensitivity of silver salt-based CTP plates, even The photosensitivity is lower than that of the conventional PSA version and is not suitable for high-speed scanning imaging applications such as direct manufacturing. However, the power of near-infrared lasers (such as LD) has increased from the initial number of mW/cm 2 to several W/cm 2 in the past 10 years, which is an improvement of 103 orders of magnitude. The scanning beam has also grown from the original single beam to dozens to hundreds of beams today, an increase of 101-2 orders of magnitude. Therefore, the sensitivity requirement for the CTP plate material is also reduced correspondingly by 3-5 times, that is, the recording material with the minimum imagewise exposure amount in the range of 102-103 mJ/cm2 (such as the thermal recording material) also falls within the range of the CTP plate material. The imaging performance, post-processing performance, and operational performance of the recording material were leaped to the main technical parameters. This has made it possible for thermal imaging systems to be used in CTP technology, and it has seen rapid development. Breaking through the gap of sensitivity, the wide-spectrum color-sensing range of the thermographic imaging center, the fixed and non-accumulated effects of the rubber energy threshold, and the need for complicated post-processing (even no post-processing) and open-room operation characteristics have become The advantages of other direct printing plates are far behind. For example, Dainippon Screens Corporation (DS) exhibited and PlateRite 8000, a thermal imaging platesetter, used 32 laser scanning imaging, and it was said that it could achieve an output speed of 12 plates per hour.
The family of thermal plates has developed extremely rapidly in recent years, showing its strong momentum of development. Thermal imaging media from the imaging mechanism, there are thermal crosslinking, thermal decomposition, thermal ablation and thermal affinity changes in 4 kinds; from the type of media, there are two types of negative and positive images: from the follow-up processing From the processing point of view, it is necessary to preheat the preheated plate (Preheat) before development, without baking prior to development, without development
According to the printing film used for film: positive PS version, negative PS version, yin and yang dual-use PS version of the light source used by exposure: UV sensitized plate, thermal sensitive photosensitive plate, thermal ablation photographic plate, infrared sensitized plate, Electrostatic transfer sexy light version
According to the mode of plate making: traditional printing plate, computer direct plate making CTP, CTcP, inkjet plate making according to printing requirements: proofing PS version, low printing number PS version (press number under 50,000 printing), medium printing number PS version (The number of prints is between 5-10 million prints), the PS version of the high-resistance printing capacity (more than 100,000 proofs of India Force), and the small-spun offset PS version are based on the material of the plate base material: aluminum base, polyester/polyester base (polyester) , paper base, composite base
According to printing methods: traditional PS version, anhydrous PS version
According to the photosensitive layer performance points: photodecomposition type PS plate, light complex type PS type, photopolymerization type PS plate, press exposure energy, silver halide film μJ/cm2, complex silver salt version μJ/cm2, high sensitivity purple spurious version Number 10μJ/cm2, violet laser version number 10μJ/cm2, high-sensitivity photosensitive resin plate 100～200μJ/cm2, thermal plate 150mJ/cm2, conventional PS plate 200～400mJ/cm2
Second, China's Domestic Profile
According to statistics, during the 17 years from 1982 to 1999, China's PS version of the manufacturing industry increased at an average annual rate of 18%. In 2000, the total output of the PS version in China reached more than 45 million square meters, which is equivalent to 1/8î“1/10 of the total output of the world PS.
According to foreign data reports, from 1991 to 1998, the average growth rate of the PS edition of the world in the world was 16%. In 1999, the total output value of the world PS edition reached 32 billion US dollars.
By the year 2000, China has formed a professional PS-version manufacturing factory headed by the second film factory of the Chinese Lekai Reserve Group and the China Academy of Printing Science and Technology, in which the total output of the PS version of the second rubber has reached the total output of the national PS version. 1/4 to 1/3 or so.
Since 1998, the world PS version has undergone major changes. Taking Polaroid Light as an example, its output reached 18 million square meters, when its traditional PS version was only equivalent to 80% of its total output, while the other 20% of production was a thermal plate. According to reports, the production of its thermal version is equivalent to 5% of the US usage. This change is related to the digitalization process in the printing industry. The desktop color publishing system in the 1990s has achieved considerable development in developed countries. In 1995, at the beginning of the promotion of CTP technology (Computer to plate), due to its immature laser light source technology, infrared, visible laser, thermal and ultraviolet CVT plates coexist. Even so, the CTP technology still has a strong advantage, such as concentration of exposure energy, automatic control by the computer, and accurate exposure positioning, etc., occupying an increasingly large market share in the PS version field. By the year 2000, the world's largest printing exhibition, the Ruba exhibition, 3,500 CTP systems have been in operation worldwide. In the developed countries, the production of CTP plates has accounted for about 1/3 of the total PS plate production.
CTP technology is an inevitable process of digitization in the printing industry. With the development of computers and laser technologies, traditional laser image-setters can be improved into CTPs, and direct-to-print plates can be realized from computers, eliminating the need for intermediate films. The key here is the two aspects of the laser light source and the minimum photoreceptive energy needed for the PS version body. Since 1995, laser technology has made great progress. The CTP system produced abroad can completely carry different types of laser light sources as required to meet the needs of users. For example, companies such as AGFA, Dainippon, and Barco have introduced a variety of light sources suitable for different media. For laser light sources, stability, reliability, ease of system integration, long life, and increased laser power are the most important. In 2000, a new type of UV laser light source appeared on the market. It was developed by a Japanese company. According to reports, the life of the laser light source has reached thousands of hours, and it is also relatively mature in technology. When this light source was launched in 2000, it had a tremendous effect. It is understood that almost all foreign CTP manufacturers have adopted such light sources on their own devices. Increasing the sensitivity of the PS version has also become the key to the development of the current PS version. At present, the imaging exposure of the CTP plate in the market is mostly less than 100mJ/cm2, and many high-sensitivity CTP plates have reached the μJ/cm2 level. Generally, the imaging exposure of the traditional PS plate in China is more than 300mJ/cm2.
Compared with developed countries, China's PS version has a large gap in performance and variety. In 2000, more than 98% of the total output of the PS version in China was the traditional PS version (level products in the 1970s). Although the annual consumption of CTP plates has reached more than 5 million square meters due to the technological progress of the newspaper industry, due to the lack of corresponding incentives and mechanisms for the development of new products in China, it is impossible to manufacture plates that are compatible with foreign CTPs and lose their basics. This market. From the perspective of the traditional PS version, in order to meet the need for high-quality printing, the PS version of foreign countries has grown toward high performance, mainly in three aspects: high resolution, due to the high speed of computing technology. At present, 1500 lines/inch cable can be produced, usually 175 lines/inch in China. The purpose of improving high-precision screening is to improve resolution, reduce moire, and increase saturation and sharpness. At present, the mainstream of high-precision printing in foreign countries is 400 lines per inch. This imposes higher requirements on the grain and resolution of photosensitive materials; For the newspaper industry, the number of prints in one edition is often as high as 200,000 prints or even 500,000 or more. The current general domestic print strength is less than 100,000; the direction of high sensitivity will promote the conversion of traditional PS to CTP media. . With the advent of special CTcP technology, the traditional PS version can be used for CTP output. This is undoubtedly a boon for the traditional PS version. By the year 2000, in terms of production capacity, China has entered the world's largest producer of PS plates, with an annual output of more than 1/10 of the world's total output, and an output value of 1.5 billion yuan, initially forming a number of domestic PS plate production bases. Basically meet the needs of the domestic market. However, we must soberly realize that China's accession to the WTO in 2001 was a foregone conclusion. All PS countries in the world are optimistic about China's big market. At present, various protection policies formulated at home can no longer protect existing PS versions. In the market, if China's PS version of the manufacturing industry wants to maintain the existing domestic market, it will only improve its own quality. The first is to change the miniaturization of production. At present, the largest PS plate production base in China is Henan Dijiao, with an annual production capacity of over 10 million square meters, but compared with developed countries, there are still many gaps in scale and management level, especially production technology. Together with the Starlight and the Torchlight, the annual output of the top three PS manufacturers in China has reached 50% of the total domestic output, accounting for half of the country's total. The inevitable result of miniaturization is decentralization. Domestic production of 45 million square meters is completed by about 30 large and small enterprises. The average annual production capacity is mostly below 1.2 million square meters. From the business point of view, most companies do not achieve the scale effect, and almost none of the profit development space of the enterprise itself has created a vicious cycle of backward technology, backward equipment, and small scale. From the point of view of environmental protection, all domestic companies that are harmful to the environment are ordered to cancel or transfer them, and the environmental pollution in their production and use is strictly limited. Due to backward technology, on the one hand, the domestic environment pollution in the production process cannot be improved as quickly as possible, and at the same time, the pollution during product use is beyond control. The State Economic and Trade Commission has already taken note of this issue and is amending the statistical content of traditional GDP (gross national product). Blindly pursuing economic growth and ignoring the environment are problems that have occurred in many countries in the past. The price is too high. When the pollution is rectified and the environment is rectified, the price paid then far exceeds the benefits.
In the next five years, the digital development of the international printing industry is a foregone conclusion, and China must accelerate the digitalization of the PS version of the manufacturing industry. The relevant experts in the printing industry pointed out that since the 1990s, the world printing industry has basically reached a stage every five years: in the early 1990s, the most notable was the desktop publishing system, and soon the color desktop system was introduced: in 1995, Digital printing and Computer To Plate (CTP) technologies have emerged; by the year 2000, digital integrated workflows and cross-media technologies were introduced at the largest international exhibition in the world's printing industry. In short, digitalization and its more in-depth development have become the inevitable direction for the future development of the printing industry. We believe that China's PS plate manufacturing industry, which has grown up and grew up in the market economy, will certainly be able to meet the challenges, continue to grow, accelerate the digitalization process, and become an excellent industry that can compete with foreign developed countries in China's printing industry.
Third, the most common introduction to CTP plates
Silver Salt Edition
The CTP plate made of silver salt is the most active one of the plates in direct plate making. The first is to apply a layer of silver salt photosensitive layer on the diazonium salt layer of the current PS plate. The laser exposure → silver salt development → comprehensive The UV exposure → diazonium salt development process finally results in a plate that can be printed on a single machine, with the same printability as the current PS plate. However, due to the more complex development process, it affects its further application. In recent years, a silver salt CTP plate has been developed for direct silver salt coating that requires two exposures for secondary development in two days, thereby greatly improving the application of the CTP silver salt plate.
Thermal plate
The thermal imaging layer is composed of a thermosensitive resin and an infrared beam material and is named for its use in the visible light region of the exposure. In the 1980s, the infrared laser light source has been relatively mature, and the temperature of the heat-sensitive light source is usually between 800-1080. The heat-sensitive coating can absorb infrared heat energy and transfer the heat-responsive resin to cause cross-linking or decomposition reaction, thereby forming positive and negative images on the plate.
In recent years, the thermal CTP plate has developed rapidly. It is favored by excellent imaging performance and excellent operating performance that are unmatched by other plates. At the same time, lasers that are also associated with them are closely linked in terms of technological maturity (high power, high stability, and acceptable price) and the widespread use of multi-beam scanning technology. It can be said that this status quo indicates a development trend of today's CTPlate technology.
In principle, thermal imaging is a low-sensitivity imaging system. Generally, the minimum imaging energy is in the range of 102-103mJ/cm2. Sensitivity is tens of millions to one millionth of the sensitivity of silver salt-based CTP plates, even The photosensitivity is lower than that of the conventional PSA version and is not suitable for high-speed scanning imaging applications such as direct manufacturing. However, the power of near-infrared lasers (such as LD) has increased from the initial number of mW/cm 2 to several W/cm 2 in the past 10 years, which is an improvement of 103 orders of magnitude. The scanning beam has also grown from the original single beam to dozens to hundreds of beams today, an increase of 101-2 orders of magnitude. Therefore, the sensitivity requirement for the CTP plate material is also reduced correspondingly by 3-5 times, that is, the recording material with the minimum imagewise exposure amount in the range of 102-103 mJ/cm2 (such as the thermal recording material) also falls within the range of the CTP plate material. The imaging performance, post-processing performance, and operational performance of the recording material were leaped to the main technical parameters. This has made it possible for thermal imaging systems to be used in CTP technology, and it has seen rapid development. Breaking through the gap of sensitivity, the wide-spectrum color-sensing range of the thermographic imaging center, the fixed and non-accumulated effects of the rubber energy threshold, and the need for complicated post-processing (even no post-processing) and open-room operation characteristics have become The advantages of other direct printing plates are far behind. For example, Dainippon Screens Corporation (DS) exhibited and PlateRite 8000, a thermal imaging platesetter, used 32 laser scanning imaging, and it was said that it could achieve an output speed of 12 plates per hour.
The family of thermal plates has developed extremely rapidly in recent years, showing its strong momentum of development. Thermal imaging media from the imaging mechanism, there are thermal crosslinking, thermal decomposition, thermal ablation and thermal affinity changes in 4 kinds; from the type of media, there are two types of negative and positive images: from the follow-up processing From the processing point of view, it is necessary to preheat the preheated plate (Preheat) before development, without baking prior to development, without development
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