Commodity packaging techniques

[China Packaging Network News] Chinese packaging network experts pointed out: Commodity packaging techniques refer to the techniques and methods used in packaging operations. The packaging techniques are closely related to the various functions of the packaging, especially the protection functions. With the advancement of science and technology, commodity packaging techniques are continuously improving. There are many commodity packaging techniques. According to the main functions of packaging, packaging techniques can be divided into transportation packaging techniques and sales packaging techniques.

First, transport packaging techniques

1. General packaging techniques

(1) Reasonable placement, fixing and reinforcement of contents

It is necessary to have certain skills in the packaging of different products in the transport package. Only by properly placing, fixing, and strengthening the product, can the purpose of reducing the size, material, and loss be achieved. For example, for a product with a regular appearance, pay attention to the suit; for a weak part, pay attention to the reinforcement.

(2) Loose foam products for compression packaging

For some loose foam products, the volume of the containers occupied during packaging is too large, and accordingly the transportation space and the storage space are also occupied, which increases the transportation and storage costs. Therefore, for the loose foam products, the volume needs to be compressed. Vacuum packaging techniques are generally used.

(3) Reasonable choice of inner and outer packaging shapes and sizes

Some commodity transportation packages also need to be loaded into containers, which poses a problem of dimensional fit between packages and containers. If they are well-matched, they can be packed without any gaps, effectively utilizing the container capacity, and effectively protecting the product. The reasonable fit of the packaging size mainly refers to the matching of the bottom dimensions of the container, that is, the packaging modulus series should be adopted. As for the choice of packaging height, it should be determined by the characteristics of the product, pine bubble products can be selected higher, heavy goods can be selected lower. The package can only be placed flat on the container and cannot be placed or placed sideways. In the selection of the shape and size of the outer package, care should be taken to avoid over-sizing and over-squeezing: excessively large and heavy packaging. Too high a package will be unstable and difficult to stack; a package that is too flat will make it difficult to identify signs and symbols; excessively large packages will be too large to be sold, and large volumes will also cause difficulties in circulation. Overweight packaging can easily damage the carton.

The reasonable choice of inner package shape size: when choosing the shape and size, the inner package should match with the outer package shape size, that is, the bottom surface size of the inner package must be coordinated with the outer package modulus. Of course, the inner packaging is mainly used as a sales package, and the more important consideration is to facilitate the sales of the goods and to facilitate the display, decoration, purchase, and carrying of the goods.

(4) Bundling of packages

Packaging strapping plays an important role in packaging and can sometimes play a key role. The direct purpose of tying is to bind a single object or several items for transportation, storage, and handling. In addition, bundling can prevent theft and protect the contents. It can compress the volume and reduce the storage and transportation costs. It can strengthen the container. Generally, it can increase the strength of the container by 20% to 40%. There are many ways to bundle, generally according to different conditions such as packaging form, transportation mode, container strength, content, etc., adopt different methods such as wells, crosses, double crosses and parallel strapping. For ordinary packages with small size, the tying is generally performed on a baler, and for the collective packaging, a common tying method is laborious, and a shrink film packaging technique and a stretch film packaging technique are generally used.

Shrink film packaging technology is the use of shrink film wrapped packaged items, and then the wrapping of the object properly heat treatment, so that the film shrinks and close to the object, so that the packaged items fixed as one. The shrink film is a polyethylene film that has been specially stretched and cold-treated. When the film is reheated, it shrinks sharply in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The thickness of the film increases, and the shrinkage rate can reach 30% to 70%.

Stretch film packaging technology is a new packaging technology that began in the 1970s. It is relying on mechanical devices, at room temperature, the elastic film is stretched around the package, tightly wrapped, and finally sealed at the end of the package, the elasticity of the film also makes the packaged items tightly fixed together. The stretched film requires no heating, and consumes only 1/20 of the energy of the shrink film packaging technology.

2. Special packaging techniques

(1) Cushion packaging techniques

Buffer packaging technology, also known as "shock-proof packaging," is to properly place the buffer material between the contents and packaging containers, to reduce shock and vibration, protect the contents from damage. Commonly used buffer packaging materials are foam plastic, wood wool, springs and so on. Foamed packaging is a relatively new method of cushioning packaging. It uses a special foaming device to directly inject the raw materials that can produce plastic foam into the gap between the contents and the packaging container, causing chemical reaction after about several tens of seconds. 50 to 200 times of foaming is performed to form a foam tightly wrapped in the contents. For some complex or small batches of goods is most suitable. The buffer packaging method is divided into three methods: full buffer, partial buffer and suspension buffer.

The overall cushioning method is to pack the cushion around the product. Partially cushioned packaging means that cushioning liners are used only at the corners or areas of the product or inner packaging. This can not only achieve the shock absorption effect, but also reduce the cost of packaging, such as home appliances, instruments, meters and other commonly used such packaging.

Part of the buffer is covered with heaven and earth cover, left and right sleeves, four-sided liner, octagonal liner and side liner.

Suspension buffer packaging uses ropes, springs, etc. to suspend the product or inner packaging container in the packaging box. The product is protected by the buffering action of springs and ropes. Generally, it is applicable to products that are easily damaged and have higher value, such as precision electromechanics. Equipment, instruments, meters, etc.

(2) Moisture-proof packaging techniques

Moisture-proof packaging is a package of certain protective measures taken to prevent moisture from invading the package and affecting the quality of the contents. Moisture-proof packaging design is to prevent the passage of water vapor, or to minimize the passage of water vapor. A certain thickness and density of packaging materials can block the penetration of water vapor, among which metal and glass have the best barrier properties and good moisture resistance; the cardboard structure is loose and the barrier property is poor, but if the surface is coated with moisture-proof material, it will Has a certain moisture-proof performance; plastic film has a certain moisture-proof performance, but it is composed of gap-free, uniform and continuous holes, and spread in the pores to cause its moisture permeability characteristics. The strength of moisture permeability is related to plastic materials, especially the difference in processing technology, density and thickness. In order to improve the moisture resistance of the package, coating methods, oil coating methods, wax coating methods, and plastic coating methods can be used. The coating method is to apply a variety of coatings on the inner wall and outer surface of the container, such as in the cloth bag, plastic woven bag coated with resin coating, paper bag coated with asphalt, etc.; oiling method, such as strengthening the corrugated board's moisture-proof ability, coating the surface with light Oil, varnish or shellac paint; Wax method, that is, wax or corrugated wax on the surface of corrugated board; plastic coating method, that is, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is coated on the carton. There is also a desiccant (such as silica gel, zeolite, aluminum gel) stored in the packaging container. In addition, pack one or more layers of moisture-proof material (such as kraft paper, tar paper, post seal paper, stencil paper, grease-proof paper, aluminum foil, and plastic film, etc.), or use one or more layers of moisture-proof material for moisture- and oil-permeable packaging. Directly packaged goods. The above methods can be used alone or in combination with several methods.

(3) Moldproof packaging

Anti-mildew packaging is a kind of packaging that takes some protective measures to prevent mildew in the packaging and contents. In addition to moisture prevention measures, it also requires anti-mildew treatment of packaging materials. Anti-mildew packaging must be based on the physiological characteristics of microorganisms, improve production and control of environmental conditions such as packaging and storage, to achieve the purpose of inhibiting the growth of mold. First, try to use mold-repellent and structurally compact materials such as aluminum foil, glass and high-density polyethylene plastics, polypropylene plastics, polyester plastics, and composite films. These materials have the property of microbiological imperviousness. Better mold performance. Second, the container is required to have a good seal, because the sealed package is an important measure to prevent moisture, such as the use of blisters, vacuum and inflatable tightly sealed packaging, can not only block the outside moisture intrusion package, but also inhibit the growth of mold and Reproduction. Third, the use of anti-mildew methods can be added in the production of packaging materials, anti-mould agents, or use anti-mould agent soaked packaging containers and sprayed in the packaging container anti-mould agent, such as the use of carbendazim (BCM), Chlorothalonil, aniline debenzamine, bacillus bacillus, sodium pentachlorophenol, etc., used for the anti-mildew of paper and paper products, leather, cotton fabric, wood and other packaging materials. Fourth, it can also use gas phase anti-mildew treatment, mainly including paraformaldehyde, nitrogen-filled packaging, and carbon dioxide packaging. It also has good results.

(4) Anti-rust packaging

Rust-proof packaging is a package that uses certain protective measures to prevent corrosion of metal products. Rust-proof packaging can be treated on metal surfaces. Such as metal plating (including galvanized, tin, chrome, etc.) coating not only can block the surface of the steel products and the atmosphere, and the electrochemical effect of the coating is first corrosion, protection of the surface of steel products; also can be used oxidation treatment (commonly known as " "Blue" and phosphating (commonly known as "blackening") chemical protection; can also be used oil rust, paint rust and vapour rust and other methods, such as metal products can be coated with a layer of anti-surface Rust oil, then plastic film packaging. The paint treatment is to perform mechanical treatment such as sandblasting on the steel sheet barrel and some hardware products before applying different paints. Vapor phase rust prevention is a vapor phase corrosion inhibitor used for rust prevention. At present, vapor phase rust prevention paper is used. The anticorrosive paper will be coated with the side of the corrosion inhibitor facing the inner packaging product. The outer layer is made of paraffin paper, metal foil, plastic bag or composite. Material sealed packaging. If the packaging space is too large, add a suitable amount of rust-proof paper or powder. In addition, ordinary plastic bags can also be sealed, contracted or stretched plastic film storage, peelable plastic storage and retort rust-proof packaging, rust-proof packaging, as well as nitrogen and dry air sealing method rust.

(5) Collection packaging

The collective packaging has the advantages of improving port handling efficiency, reducing labor intensity, saving on freight charges, protecting commodities, reducing waste, and promoting the standardization of commodity packaging. There are mainly three types of container bags, containers and trays.

1 Packed bag refers to a bag that is woven from plastic overlapping wires. The advantages are light weight, soft and foldable, small size, and large load. Each bag can carry 1-4t cargo and can be reused.

2 Containers are large-scale packaging containers that are made of steel, aluminum alloy plates, fiberboard, and other materials and are used to centrally load large quantities of goods. The advantages are safety, simplicity, speed, economy, and ease of mechanical and automated handling. Can carry 5 ~ 40t all kinds of goods, commonly used in railway, highway and sea long-distance transportation.

3 tray combination packaging, is made of wood, plastic, metal material or glass fiber, such as the plate, a flat tray, box tray, column tray, slide tray and other forms. The advantages are corrosion resistance, good hygiene, cost savings, and reduced product loss. The load is 0.5 to 2 tons, and some can be reused.

Second, sales and packaging techniques

(1) Blister packaging and body packaging

Blister packs are a method of wrapping a product between a blister and a base plate formed of a transparent plastic sheet. Skin-fitting packaging is to place the product on a breathable floor board made of cardboard or plastic sheet, cover the heated and softened plastic sheet, and vacuum the bottom board so that the sheet is tightly wrapped around the goods and sealed on the floor all around. One of the packaging methods. Blister packs and body packs are mostly used for the packaging of daily commodities. They are characterized by transparent and intuitive protection and are easy to be displayed.

(2) Shrink packaging

The shrink wrap is a packaging method in which a shrink film is used as a packaging material and wrapped around the outside of the product, and is heated at an appropriate temperature so that the film is automatically shrink-wrapped by heat. Shrink film is a kind of plastic film that has been specially stretched and cooled. It contains a certain amount of shrinkage stress. This kind of stress will disappear when it is reheated. It will make the film shrink sharply in its length and width, and the thickness will increase. The inner packaged goods are tightly wrapped and play a good packaging effect. Shrink packaging has the characteristics of transparency, compactness, uniformity, stability and aesthetics. At the same time, due to its good sealing performance, it also has the functions of protection against moisture, dust, pollution, and theft. Shrink wrapping is suitable for the packaging of foods, daily-use industrial products and textiles, and is particularly suitable for the packaging of irregularly shaped goods.

(3) Stretch packaging

Stretch packaging is the use of elastic (stretchable) plastic film, under normal temperature and tension, wrapping single or multiple items, stretching the film in all directions, so that the goods are tightly wrapped and sealed. It has basically the same effect as the shrink packaging technique. Its characteristics are:

1 The use of such packaging without heating, is suitable for those products that are afraid of heating such as fresh meat, frozen foods, vegetables and so on.

2 can accurately control the wrapping force to prevent the product from being crushed.

3 Because there is no need to heat shrink equipment, equipment investment and equipment maintenance costs can be saved, and energy can also be saved.

(4) Fresh-keeping packaging

Fresh-keeping packaging uses solid preservatives (composed of zeolite, bentonite, activated carbon, calcium hydroxide and other raw materials in certain proportions) and liquid preservatives (such as coconut preservatives, sodium bicarbonate and peracetic acid solutions. , Sulfurous acid and calcium sulfite, compound lecithin and CM preservatives extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, etc.) to preserve fruits and vegetables. The solid preserving agent method is to put the preservative into the air-permeable pouches and seal them into the inner package, so as to absorb the gas emitted by the fresh fruits and fresh vegetables and postpone the ripening process. The liquid preservative agent method is a fresh fruit dip coating solution, and the fresh fruit is taken out after dipping to form a very thin layer of edible plastic wrap on the surface, which can not only block the surface of the skin, but also can prevent microorganisms from invading and protecting the temperature and water. effect. Silicon window transport box fresh-keeping packaging, is the use of plastic sealed boxes sealed silicon window storage and transportation of fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, fresh eggs, preservation methods. Silicon window, also known as artificial window, open air windows in plastic boxes and bags, has a good regulation of oxygen, carbon dioxide concentration, inhibit the respiration of fresh vegetables, fresh fruit and eggs, can extend its storage period.

(5) Deoxy packaging

Deoxidation packaging, also known as oxygen storage packaging, that is, the use of inorganic, organic, hydrogen three types of deoxidizers, remove the free oxygen in the sealed package, reduce the oxygen concentration, thereby effectively preventing the growth of microorganisms, play a mold, Anti-browning, insect repellent and preservation purposes. Deoxy packaging is suitable for certain products that are particularly sensitive to oxygen.

(6) Inflatable packaging and vacuum packaging

Inflatable packaging is a packaging method that replaces air in a packaging container with an inert gas such as carbon dioxide gas or nitrogen. It is a method to reduce the concentration of oxygen by changing the composition of the gas in the packaging container, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing corrosion and keeping fresh.

In vacuum packaging, the product is placed in an airtight container and a vacuum is drawn in front of the container, so that the sealed container is substantially free of oxygen. General meat foods, processed grain foods, and some oxidatively degraded goods can be packaged in this way.

(7) Short Term Sterilization Packaging

It is filled with food and sealed in a package made of composite materials, and then it is kept at a high temperature of about 135°C for a short period of time to kill the bacteria in the packaging container. This method can better preserve the freshness, nutritional value, color tone, etc. of foods such as fish, meat, and vegetables.

Having read so many techniques for packaging goods, I believe that you are amazed at the diversity of packaging techniques, and at the same time, you must have a general understanding of packaging techniques. If you want to learn more about packaging, please pay attention. China Packaging Network!